Oxidative stress index

ROBERTS L J, MORROW J D (2000) Measurement of F2-isoprostanes as an index of oxidative stress in vivo, Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 28, 505-13. 

Curello, S., Ceconi, C.. Cargnoni, A., Connacchian, A., Ferrari, R. and Albertini, A. (1987). Improved procedure for determining glutathione in plasma as an index of myocardial oxidative stress. Clin. Chem. 33, 1448-1449. 

Oxidative damage to membrane polyunsaturated fatty acids leads to the formation of numerous lipid peroxidation products, some of which can be measured as index of oxidative stress, including hydrocarbons, aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, and short carboxylic acids. 

Ranaivo and others (2004) used the 4-hydroxynonenal index to demonstrate that wine polyphenols decrease oxidative stress, whereas Tomaino and others (2006) studied the in vitro protective effect of a wine extract on UVB-induced skin damage. 

The determination of F2-isoprostanes, oxidation products of arachidonic acid, has been proposed as a more reliable index of oxidative stress in vivo, overcoming many of the methodological problems associated with other markers. The isoprostanes have emerged as a most effective method of quantifying the potential of antioxidants to inhibit lipid peroxidation. However, one drawback of this method is that quantification of F2-iP requires sophisticated techniques, in particular GC/MS and HPLC/MS... 

Vassalle C, Botto N, Andreassi MG, Berti S, Biagini A (2003) Evidence for enhanced 8-isoprostane plasma levels, as index of oxidative stress in vivo, in patients with coronary artery disease. Coron Artery Dis 14 213-218... 

In vivo studies were also conducted by several researchers. Anraku et al. (2009) examined the antioxidant effects of water-soluble chitosan in normal subjects by measuring the reduction of indices of oxidative stress. Treatment with chitosan for 4weeks produced a significant decrease in levels of plasma glucose and the atherogenic index, and led to an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Chitosan treatment also lowered the ratio of oxidized to reduced albumin and increased total plasma antioxidant activity. Further, Anraku et al. (2011) proved the antioxidant effects of high MW chitosan in normal volunteers, and the obtained results were consistent with previous results observed by Anraku et al. (2009). 

The TBA test is perhaps the most widely used method for determining lipid peroxidation. The representative adduct of lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde, forms a 1 2 adduct with TBA that can be measured by spectroscopy or fluorometry. The general procedure, of which there are numerous variations, simply involves heating a small quantity of the test substance for a defined period of time in an aqueous acidic solution of TBA, and then measuring the absorbance (535 nm) of the red color which is produced in the TBA reaction. It should be considered as an index of oxidative stress that represents primarily lipid peroxidation. ... 

DNA SSBs are another index of oxidative stress and cellular damage (Bagchi ct al, 1995 Poovala et ai, 1999 Pound and Lawson, 1976), In a parallel study, the effects of the pesticides on DNA SSBs were determined in cultured neuroactive PC-12 cells and in the hepatic and brain tissues of OP-treated rats (Bagchi cf al, 1995). 

Vincent, H.K., Bourguignon, C.M., and Taylor, A.G. 2010. Relationship of the dietary phytochemical index to weight gain, oxidative stress and inflanunation in overweight young adults. J. Hum. Nutr. Diet. 23 20-29. 

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