Oxidation products quartz flow reactor

The catalyst samples were prepared by pelletizing mixtures of powdered carbides and inert materials (for instance, BaS04). Oxygen or nitrous oxide were used as oxidants. Experiments were run in a quartz flow reactor at atmospheric pressure at 973-1023 K utilizing 0.2-0.5 g of carbide at flow rate of 30-100 cm3/min. The reactants and reaction products were separated on CaA molecular sieves and l,2,3-tn. v-/ -cyanoethoxypropane/ polysorb A columns. 

CO, reforming reaction was conducted at 500-750°C, reactants mole ratio of CH3 CO, He = 1 1 3, and space velocity = 20000-80000 1/kg/h. Methane oxidation was conducted at 150-550 °C using 1 % CH in air mixture (2 ml/min CH4 198 ml/min air) at space velocity = 60000 1/kg/h, and MIBK (4000 ppm in 150 ml/min air introduced by a syringe pump) combustion at 100-500°C and space velocity of 10000-30000 h 1. Catalytic reactions were conducted in a conventional flow reactor at atmospheric pressure. The catalyst sample, 0.1-0.3g was placed in the middle of a 0.5 inch I.D. quartz reactor and heated in a furnace controlled by a temperature programmer. Reaction products were analyzed by a gas chromatography (TCD/FID) equipped with Molecular Sieves 5A. Porapak Q, and 15m polar C BP 20 capillary column. 

The iron oxide-based catalysts were prepared by Figure 1. Pathways of dehy-a coprecipitation method. In a typical experiment, drogenation of ethylben-1.4 g of catalyst (0.18-0.30mm) was set in a quartz tube reactor. Ethylbenzene was fed through a vaporizer, and was mixed with CO2. The flow rate was 130 ml/min. The dehydrogenation was conducted at 550 °C under atmospheric pressure. The product was analyzed by GC. ... 

The steady-state partial oxidation reaction experiments were carried out in a quartz fixed-bed, flow reactor with 10 mm I.D. and a length of 50 mm. The analytical system consisted of two parts. Gas Chromatography (GC) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). GC was used to analyze on-line the reaction products that were in the gas phase. The GC (HP-5890) was equipped with a Chromosorb PAW 23% SP-1700 column (30 ft. 1/8") for FID, a Hayesep D column (15 ft. 1/8") and a Molecular Sieve 5A column (10 ft. 1/8") connected serially to TCD. Reverse-phase HPLC with a Spherisorb 5 ODS-2 (1 ft. 1/4") column was used off-line to analyze the products that were solid or liquid at room temperature. The details of the experimental procedures have been described elsewhere [12,13]. 

The catalytic oxidation of benzene (0.5 % in air) and n-butane (1.5 % in air) was carried out in flow reactor operated at atmospheric pressure. The tests were done on a constant catalyst volume basis (2 cm ) in a quartz reactor of internal diameter 1.0 cm. The reactions were performed in the temperature range of 300-550 C at the flow rate of 50-200 cmVmin. The analysis of the substrates and products was performed by gas chromatography. 

Olah and Prakash have reported a method of producing methanol from methane in a three-step system, in which formaldehyde is obtained initially in a quartz-mbe continuous-flow reactor. Formaldehyde is then transformed into formic acid on alkahne-earth oxides and finally methanol/formic acid is transformed into methanol methyl formate employing a WO3/AI2O3 catalyst. However, at the moment, only low yield to oxygenated products has been obtained. 

Two types of continuous flow solid oxide cell reactors are typically used in electrochemical promotion experiments. The single chamber reactor depicted in Fig. B.l is made of a quartz tube closed at one end. The open end of the tube is mounted on a stainless steel cap, which has provisions for the introduction of reactants and removal of products as well as for the insertion of a thermocouple and connecting wires to the electrodes of the cell. A solid electrolyte disk, with three porous electrodes deposited on it, is appropriately clamped inside the reactor. Au wires are normally used to connect the catalyst-working electrode as well as the two Au auxiliary electrodes with the external circuit. These wires are mechanically pressed onto the corresponding electrodes, using an appropriate ceramic holder. A thermocouple, inserted in a closed-end quartz tube is used to measure the temperature of the solid electrolyte pellet. 

The reaction of non-oxidizing dehydrogenation of n-hexane was carried out in a flow quartz reactor with a stationary layer of catalyst at atmospheric pressure in a stream of high purity helium. The optimum conditions of the reaction have been found by variation of volume velocity from 2.4 to 12 h and temperature in the range 500-700 C. Reaction products were analyzed by chromatography (Chrom-5), chromatomasspectroscopy (MX 1331) and IR-spectroscopy (Specord) methods. 

The metering tap divides the chromatographic zone of the sample into two flows. The first is directed to a quartz reactor 40 cm long, filled with copper oxide (20 cm) and reduced copper oxide (20 cm). In this reactor, the sample compound is burned at 800°C and the combustion products are converted into nitrogen, carbon dioxide and water. The carrier gas transfers the conversion products to a chromatographic column (200 X 0.4 cm l.D.) filled with Chromopor the column is installed in the thermostat of an LHM-7A chromatograph and maintained at 95°C. 

The second flow is driven to a system for the elemental analysis of nitrogen and oxygen, consisting of a quartz reactor filled with a 25 cm layer of platinized anthracene black (50% of platinum) maintained at 900°C. The conversion products, i.e., nitrogen and carbon oxide, are transferred to a chromatographic column (100 x 0.4cm ID.) containing 5 A molecular sieves maintained at room temperature. 

A tubular stainless steel reactor (I.D. 104 mm) heated by an electrical oven at atmospheric pressure is used for the oxidation of toluene [Fig. 1]. The toluene is dosed with an HPLC pump (LKB2150) to an evaporator at 320 °C and then mixed to the O2 and N2 flows which are controlled with mass flow controllers (Bronkhorst High-Tech B. V ). Nitrogen is used as diluent. The catalyst fixed-bed preceded by quartz beads is maintained between quartz wool. The temperature of the fixed-bed is measured with a K-type thermocouple (Philips AG). The outlet gases are cooled in three consecutive condensers. The liquid products are collected and analysed by gas chromatography with a flame ionisation detector for quantification (Perkin-Elmer Autosystem gas chromatograph, capillary column Supelco SPB-1, 30 m x 0.53 mm I.D. X 0.50 jum film thickness) and with an electron ionisation detector for identification (Hewlett-Packard, G1800A, GCD System, capillary column HP-5, 30 m x 0.25 mm I.D. x 0.25 fm film thickness). The experiments are carried out at a conversion less than 5 per cent. 

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