Oven Emissions

The next standard containing sign and label requirements is Coke Oven Emissions, 1910.1029. The employer must post signs in regulated areas which bear the legend  

CANCER HAZARD AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLY NO SMOKING OR EATING 

In areas where the OSHA PEL for Coke Oven Emissions is exceeded signs must be posted which read  

Protective clothing which is contaminated with coke oven emissions must be placed in containers. These containers must be labeled as follows  

CLOTHING CONTAMINATED WITH COKE EMISSIONS DO NOT REMOVE DUST BY BLOWING OR SHAKING 

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Finally, Sec. 112 of the Clean Air Act required that EPA pronml-gate National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs). Between 1970 and 1989, standards were promulgated for asbestos, beiylhum, mercuiy, vinyl chloride, benzene, arsenic, radionuclides, and coke-oven emissions. 

Reducing coke oven emissions with other technologies - The use of pulverized coal injection technology substitutes pulverized coal for a portion of the coke in the blast furnace. Use of pulverized coal injection can replace about 25 to 40% of... 

One of the most studied of the polyaromatic hydro-carbone (PAH) is benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), which is present in coal tar at coke oven plants. The BaP content of coal tar is between 0.1% and 1 % and it contributes to the serious potential health effects on employees exposed to coke oven emissions. The largest sources of BaP are open burning and home heating with wood and coal. The latter alone contributes 40 percent of all the BaP released each year in the USA. 

Cyclohexane extractable fractions coke oven emissions, 100.0-150.0 1... 

For complex mixtures that are virtually unavailable for testing as a whole (such as workplace atmospheres, coke oven emissions, atmospheres at waste sites) the top-ten approach as mentioned above is suggested. 

Exposure to coke oven emissions is a cause of lung and kidney cancer. A major study of US coke oven workers showed that mortality from lung cancer for full topside workers is 9 times the expected rate for partial topside workers, it is almost 2.5 times the expected rate and for side oven workers, it is 1.7 times the expected... 

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare Criteria for a Recommended Standard Occupational Exposure to Coke Oven Emissions. (HSM) Pub No73-11016, pp ni-l-III-14, V-l-V-9. Washington, DC, US Government Printing Office, 1973... 

EPA. 1984a. Carcinogen assessment of coke oven emissions. Washington, DC U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. EPA-600/6-82-003F. NTIS No. PB84 170182. 

The best human studies on chemicals and cancer manage to avoid the problems Feinstein described and also measure differences in cancer rates of greater than 1 percent (Lave and Ennever 1990). The most famous of those studies examined the relationship between cigarette consumption and cancer in British physicians (Doll and Hill 1964 Doll and Peto 1978). Researchers also have calculated solid dose-response relationships for coke-oven emissions, aromatic amines, aflatoxin, vinyl chloride, radiation (including radon), and asbestos (Zeise, Wilson, and Crouch 1987, 275-89). ... 

Coke Oven Emissions", Occup. Safety Health Rep. Current Report 5., 1975 p. 283. 

Coal tar volatiles—coke oven emissions Vinyl chloride... 

Coke oven emissions Coke production Lung cancer (9 times greater than other steel workers)... 

Whole mixture approach for common mixtures. This is an option if dealing with a common, and often complex, mixture with more or less constant concentration ratios between the mixture components, for example, coke oven emissions. A reference value (e.g., PNEC) or dose-response relationship can be established for the mixture as if it were 1 (complex) compound, and a safe level can be determined like for single compounds based on toxicity data on the mixture itself or a sufficiently similar mixture. The effect data can subsequently be used in future assessments of mixtures that are identical (e.g., originating from the same source) or sufficiently similar. 

The 2 boxes in the upper right corner of Figure 5.11 reflect a situation in which the mixture of concern is well characterized, for example, because a lot of information is available about its composition, its origin, and its dose-response relationship. A well-characterized mixture can be thought of as a commonly occurring mixture with a stable chemical composition, which is more or less known, for example, coke oven emissions. It is often infeasible to determine the exact chemical composition of the mixture at hand because the mixture contains hundreds or thousands of different components. This is also unnecessary because dose-response data on the mixture of concern are available from previous studies, for example, epidemiological data on coke oven emissions. A mixture is also considered well characterized if it can be... 

OSHA. 1976. Permissible Exposure Limit. Occupational Safety and Health Standards. Coke Oven Emissions. U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Code of Federal Regulations. 29 CFR 1910.1029(c). 

Incomplete combustion of organic material, forest fires and volcanic eruptions incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, coke oven emissions, aluminium smelters, vehicle exhausts 37, 4101,7... 

Coke oven emissions, zinc chromate, tetrachloroethylene... 

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