Ovarian cancer metastasis

Zillhardt M, Park SM, Romero IL, Sawada K, Montag A, Krausz T, Yamada SD, Peter ME, Lengyel E. Eoretinib (GSK1363089), an orally available multikinase inhibitor of c-Met and VEGER-2, blocks proliferation, induces anoikis, and impairs ovarian cancer metastasis. Clin Cancer Res. 2011 17 4042-51. 

Ovarian cancer usually is confined to the abdominal cavity, but spread can occur to the lung, liver, and less commonly, bone or brain. Disease is spread by direct extension, peritoneal seeding, lymphatic dissemination, and blood-borne metastasis. 

Hirashima Y, Suzuki M, Kobayashi H. Suppression of cancer invasion and metastasis in human ovarian cancer cells transfected with UTI gene. Surg Trauma Immunol Respon 2001 10 30-36. 

Anderson, K., Lawson, K. A., Simmons-Menchaca, M., Sun, L., SAnders, B. G., and Kline, K. (2004), a-TEA plus cisplatin reduces human cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cell tumor burden and metastasis, Exp. Biol. Med., 229,1169-1176. 

The effect of purified soybean Kunitz and BBI trypsin inhibitors as dietary supplements (5, 15, or 50 g/kg) on spontaneous pulmonary metastasis of lung carcinoma 3LL cells as well as human ovarian cancer HRA cells was investigated in mice (Ko-bayashi et al., 2004a). Only Kunitz inhibitor inhibited the formation of lung metastasis in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that dietary supplementation of Kunitz inhibitor could more efficiently regulate cell metastatic processes than BBI,... 

Kobayashi, H. M. Suzuki N. Kanayama T.A. Terao. Soybean Kunitz trypsin inhibitor suppresses ovarian cancer cell invasion by blocking urokinase upregulation. Clin. Exp. Metastasis, 2004b, 21 159-166. 

D8. Dolo, V., D Ascenzo, S., Violini, S., et al., Matrix-degrading proteinases are shed in membrane vesicles by ovarian cancer cells in vivo and in vitro. Clin. Exp. Metastasis 17, 131-140 (1999). 

M.E. Werner, S. Karve, R. Sukumar, N.D. Cummings, J.A. Copp, R.C. Chen, et ah. Folate-targeted nanoparticle delivery of chemo-and radiotherapeutics for the treatment of ovarian cancer peritoneal metastasis. Biomaterials 32 (2011) 8548—8554. 

Lengyel E. Ovarian cancer development and metastasis. Am J Pathol. 2010 177 1053-64. 

Mitra AK, Sawada K, Tiwari P, Mui K, Gwin K, Lengyel E. Ligand-dependent activation of c-Met by fibronectin and a(5) (l)-integtin regulates ovarian cancer invasion and metastasis. Oncogene. 2011 30 1566-76. 

Fig. 10.31. Metastases from colon cancer. Sagittal CT shows a well-delineated mixed cystic and solid ovarian mass (arrow), which abuts the uterus fundus and elevates small bowel loops. No ascites was found in the pelvis or abdomen. In this patient with stage T4 colon cancer, differentiation of metastasis from ovarian cancer is not possible by imaging...

Liao, J., Qian, F., Tchabo, N. et al (2014) Ovarian cancer spheroid cells with stem cell-like properties contribute to tumor generation, metastasis and chemotherapy resistance through hypoxia-resistant metabolism. PLOS One, 9 (1), e84941. 

Blood vessels penetrating tumors provide malignant cells with another point at which to enter the circulation. Evidence exists that in situation where cancers disseminate predominantly by the blood, the extent of metastasis depends upon the vasculature of the primary tumor. Thin-walled capillaries, especially those newly formed, provide poor resistance to invading cancer cells. Also, data from microscopy studies show that the endothelium of tumor vessels, particularly in areas of poor oxygenation, is often abnormal (Kl). These abnormalities may permit invasion by neoplastic cells (P3). Finally, tumors can spread by direct extension into body cavities such as pleural and peritoneal spaces. An example of this is the formation of peritoneal metastases from ovarian carcinoma. 

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