Outlook and Perspective

Bartlett, P.A. and Entzeroth, M. (eds) (2006) Exploiting Chemical Diversity for Drug Discovery, RSC Publisher, Cambridge. doi 10.1039/9781847552556 

Buchmeiser, M.R. (ed.) (2003) Polymeric Materials in Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim. 

Kirschning, A., Solodenko, W., and Mennecke, K. (2006) Combining enabling techniques in organic synthesis continuous flow processes with heterogenized catalysts. Chem. Eur. J., 12, 5972-5990. doi 10.1002/chem.200600236 

Benaglia, M. (ed.) (2009) Recoverable and Recydable Catalf s, John Wiley Sons Ltd., New York, doi 10.1002/9780470682005 

The area of biobased products represents a major new market opportunity for domestically grown biomass resources [1]. It will be a new source of revenue for not only those who produce the feedstocks, but also for the farmers and others who are involved in the production of biobased products themselves. Continued research can significantly increase opportunities for biobased products, expand 

Through advanced research, new concepts in the industrial biorefinery could become a reality. In the industrial biorefinery, any combination of biofuels, electric power, materials, chemicals, and other products could be produced from local biomass resources. 

Using plants as feedstock instead of petroleum or natural gas can potenhaUy reduce the amount of carbon dioxide emitted to the atmosphere. Globally, about 62 Gt of carbon is taken-up by plants annually via the photosynthesis process. Producing chemicals and industrial products form biomass directly reduces the associated carbon released during the produchon of fossil-based products. 

The vision for bioenergy biobased products in the United States has put forward an ambitious goal for bioproducts. The share of target chemicals that are biobased is set at 25% by 2030. 

In Europe, the Lead Market Initiative, which was launched in 2006 as the European poHcy for six important sectors, one of which is biobased products, aims to facilitate an early adoption of technological innovation on various markets [36], It is well known that research and innovation for such products has reached a stage where products are ready for market introduction. However, RRMs were only used in small market niches and mostly manufactured 

During the past 20 years, solid-supported organic catalysts have become powerful synthetic tools readily available to the chemical community. The reasons for developing an immobihzed version of a chiral catalyst go weU beyond the simple-yet still fundamental-aspect of the recovery and recycling of the precious catalytic species. Catalyst stabihty, structural characterization, catalytic behavior, new or different solubihty properties, simphfication of the reaction work-up, catalyst discovery and optimization, use in environmentally friendly or green solvents are all issues that may be converhently addressed working with supported systems. 

Within the context of catalyst separation and recycling, it must be noted that a system where a catalyst needs not to be removed from the reaction vessel is very attractive. One such example occurs in continuous-flow methods [65], by which the immobilized catalyst resides permanently in the reactor, where it transforms the entering starting materials into the exiting products. The retention of a catalyst inside the reaction vessel can be achieved by different techniques, ranging from ultrafiltration through a Mw-selective membrane to immobilization on a silica gel column [66]. 

The stability of the nonsupported catalyst under the reaction conditions is a prerequisite that must be firmly established both in the presence and in the absence of the intended support. Possible candidates to be supported should be catalysts of great versatility and of wide tolerance of structurally different substrates, possibly with a high catalytic efficiency and with a well-tested stability. The 

Steric and electronic effects exerted by the structural modification of the catalyst required for immobilization should be minimized. 

1 (a) Jacobsen, E.N., Pfaltz, A. and Yamamoto, H. (1999) Comprehensive Asymmetric Catalysis, Springer, Berlin. 

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Outlook and Perspective Current Challenges and Future Scope/Prospects... 

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