Inhalational injectable

Inhalation, injection, or body exposure to radium can cause cancer and other body disorders. The maximum permissible border in the total body for 226Ra is 7400 becquerel. 

In mammals, the toxicity of nickel is a function of the chemical form of nickel, dose, and route of exposure. Exposure to nickel by inhalation, injection, or cutaneous contact is more significant than oral exposure. Toxic effects of nickel to humans and laboratory mammals are documented for respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hematological, musculoskeletal, hepatic, renal, dermal, ocular, immunological, developmental, neurological, and reproductive systems (NAS 1975 Nielsen 1977 USEPA 1980, 1986 WHO 1991 USPHS 1993). 

The kidneys are the dominant means of excretion in the human body. They eliminate substances that enter the body by ingestion, inhalation, injection, and dermal absorption. The toxicants are extracted by the kidneys from the bloodstream and are excreted in the urine. 

GnRH analogues (see Chapter 59) can induce chemical castration by suppressing the pulsatile release of LH and FSH, hence inhibiting testicular steroidogenesis. Administration of these compounds reduces circulating testosterone levels. These compounds are inhaled, injected subcutaneously, or implanted subcutaneously. They are used in males in the treatment of precocious puberty and carcinoma of the prostate. 

Because of the sensitive nature of most biopharmaceuticals, their dosage forms are limited to injectable solutions. Therapeutic proteins cannot pass the acidic milieu of the stomach undamaged, nor are they absorbed through the intestinal wall. Although work on alternatives such as inhalers is underway (the first commercial application is an insulin inhaler), injection remains the predominant option for administering sensible biopharmaceuticals. 

Highest inhalation, aerosols, sterile powders, and solutions powders for injections and injection inhalation, injectable, powders, suspensions... 

Exposure" refers to material ingested, inhaled, injected, or simply found in the environment it is expressed in appropriate units, such as milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) or parts per million (ppm). "Dose" refers to the amount of material reaching the target it is measured in such units as adducts per nucleotide. Because, by this definition, dose can hardly ever be measured, we use "dose" as a synonym for "exposure" when the meaning is clear from the context. 

The route or method of administration of the test substance to the test system and the reason for its choice (oral, dermal, inhalation, injection, diet). 

Dimethyltryptamine is a psychedelic drug (1,2). It can be smoked, inhaled, injected, or used as an enema. It is inactive by mouth, except when there is inhibition of gut monoamine oxidase (MAO type A). Its effects are similar to those of lysergide (3,4). The derivative 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine has similar actions. Both compounds are found in various plants (5,6). 

Hypersensitivity (hypersensitivity reaction) refers to undesirable reactions produced by the normal immune system (Table 15.5). Hypersensitivity reactions require a pre-sensitised (immune) state of the host. Exposure may be by ingestion, inhalation, injection or direct contact. 

Iboga, 94, loi Ibogame, loi Ibotenic acid, 135 "Ice" metharnphetamme, 49 Identity, drug use to establish, 21 Imipramine (Tofranil), 144 Indole hallucinogens, 95—103 Inhalants. See Nitrite inhalants Injection of drugs, 23, 31, 83, 103 amphetamines, 49 angel dust, 137 barbiturates, 69, 70 cc.,aine, 45... 

GRAS listed. Accepted for use as a food additive in Europe. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Guide (inhalations, injections, oral capsules, suspensions, tablets, topical preparations, and suppositories). Included in medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian Eist of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients. 

Regulatory status included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Guide (inhalations, injections, ophthalmic preparations, oral capsules and tablets, and topical preparations). 

Oral rectal (through the mucous membrane of the rectum) subcutaneous intramuscular intravenous Most commonly oral some intravenous or intramuscular Most commonly oral medically, occasionally by injection for mild stimulant properties intravenous injection by abusers Almost all routes most commonly smoking (inhalation) injection not efficient because THC is not water-soluble Cocaine hydrochloride is taken through nasal or other mucous membranes, such as those of the mouth, vagina, and rectum also intravenous. Cocaine freebase (crack) is volatile and therefore most often vaporized in a freebase pipe and inhaled into the lungs... 

It is is the third most toxic substance known after plutonium and botulism it is a protein toxin that is extracted from the castor bean (Ricinus communis). The USA Centers for Disease Control (CDC) considers 500 pg to be the lethal dose of ricin in humans if exposure is from injection or inhalation. Ricin is poisonous if inhaled, injected, or ingested, acting by the inhibition of protein synthesis. While there is no known antidote, the US military has developed a vaccine. 

Biologies, diagnostics, drugs, nutrients, and radiopharmaceuticals that possess either of the above two characteristics and which may include haths and soaks for live organs or tissue, implants, inhalations, injections, powders for injection, irrigations, metered sprays, and ophthalmic and otic preparations. 

Taber s Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary describes a poison as any substance which, taken into the body whether by ingestion, inhalation, injection, absorption, etc., produces a deleterious, injurious, or lethal effect. Virtually any substance can be poisonous if consumed in sufficient quantity so that the term poison more often implies an excessive degree of dosage rather than any list of substances. ... 

At the beginning of the 20th century, radium was used to estabhsh the standard prototype of the curie. Actually, one curie is exactly equal to the radioactivity of a source that has the same radioactivity as 1 g of the radionuchde radium-226 in secular equilibrium with its derivative, radon-222 (or emanation). In spite of the new mandatory SI unit of radioactivity, the bec-querel, symbol Bq, the curie, Ci, is sometimes still in use (1 Ci = 37 GBq). Twenty-five isotopes are now known radium-226, the most common isotope, has a half-life of 1620 years. This isotope is purged from radium and sealed in minute tubes, which are used in the treatment of cancer and other diseases. Radium is used in the production of self-luminous paints, neutron sources, and in medicine for the treatment of disease. Some of the more recently discovered radioisotopes, such as Co or Cs, are now being used in place of radium. Some of these sources are much more powerful, and others are safer to use. Inhalation, injection, or body exposure to radium can cause cancer and other bodily disorders. The maximum permissible burden in the total body for Ra is 7.4 kBq. 

However, inherent in these methods are the assumptions that no chro-mogenic substances, other than adrenaline, are present and that the rotatory power of the solutions is due solely to /-adrenaline which precludes their use for routine testing of samples in which the nature of the other materials present is unknown. For such samples Welsh has produced a method in which the adrenaline is converted quantitatively to the triacetyl derivative which may be determined qualitatively as well as quantitatively by polarimetry, and this method has been adopted by the U.S.P, for Epinephrine Solution, Inhalation, Injection, and Sterile Suspension and Epinephrine Bitartrate Ophthalmic Ointment. It is described in detail under Solution of Adrenaline. 

If you believe that significant ingestion, inhalation, injection, or skin contact has occurred, call the emergency number for your campus and f ollow the Emergency Procedures given in the CHP. 

Ricin is poisonous if inhaled, injected or ingested. It has an average lethal dose in humans of just 0.2 mg. Although only one castor bean seed contains enough ricin to kill an adult human, it may pass harmlessly through the digestive system if swallowed whole. 

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