Other System Design Considerations

Other reactor design considerations may be necessary in special cases. Monomer mass transfer, not normally a problem, can he important if the monomer- aqueous phase interface is small. This is more likely in systems involving gaseous monomers in which the large surface area of the monomer emulsion is not present. In such cases special attention must he paid to gas dispersion and transport. Giher factors that can have a significant effect on reactor design include latex viscosity, heat transfer rates, reaction pressure, and control mechanisms. 

The other major design consideration in transfer systems again involves minimization of the heat inleak to the transfer fluid. Solutions to this specific heat-leak problem are similar to those noted for conventional dewars. 

The first step is to have a complete and detailed description of the system, process, or procedure under consideration. This must include physical properties of the materials, operating temperatures and pressures, detailed flow sheets, instmment diagrams of the process, materials of constmction, other detailed design specifications, and so forth. The more detailed and up-to-date this information is, the better the result of the analysis. 

Introduction Types of metal-enclosed bus systems Design parameters and service conditions for a metal enclosed bus system Short-circuit effects Service conditions Other design considerations Skin effect Proximity effect Sample calculation for designing a 2500 A non-isolaled phase aluminium busbar systern... 

Design Considerations with Respect to Other System Components... 

Scale-up techniques for using the results of pilot plant or bench scale test w ork to establish the equivalent process results for a commercial or large scale plant mixing system design require careful specialized considerations and usually are best handled by the mixer manufacturer s specialist. The methods to accomplish scale-up will vary considerably, depending on whether the actual operation is one of blending, chemical reaction tvith product concentrations, gas dispersions, heat transfer, solids suspensions, or others. 

The thermally-initiated styrene system is considerably simpler than most industrial applications. Though these experiments provided useful guidelines, it was difficult to develop broadly applicable design criteria without carefully evaluating a broad range of monomer, polymer and initiator systems. Hence we extended our kinetic model to some other monomer systems such as styrene and methyl methacrylate using common initiators such as benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and... 

The time effect on concentration is an important consideration of process design. In treatment of most manufacturing or municipal wastes, the concentration of contaminants is usually relatively high and reasonably uniform over time (or at least predictable). At remediation sites, the concentrations tend to vary with time and not be as predictable. Certain treatment processes are more efficient at minimum concentrations and others function best at higher concentrations. When influent concentrations vary significantly with time, the effectiveness of the treatment system may vary. One system design may not be adequate for a site from start to finish. 

This paper discusses the prospects for creating 3-D architectures for batteries. We next introduce calculations for the 3-D interdigitated array battery (Figure 2a). which will illustrate the design considerations under which the 3-D configuration leads to better performance than the conventional 2-D one. Other sections then discuss the prior art in small power, followed by the materials, synthetic, and fabrication approaches required to achieve 3-D designs. Finally, we review the present status of the systems most likely to demonstrate true 3-D battery operation. 

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