Other Stilbenoids

Thirty-four patients vith advanced solid tumors were treated with CA-4-P receiving 167 infusions [47]. The drug CA-4-P was given weekly for 3 weeks followed by a gap of 1 week. Up to 40 mg/m, the only drug-related toxicity was tumor pain in 35%. Tumor pain was not considered a dose-limiting toxicity because it could be controlled by analgesics. Tumor viability and tumor blood flow were assessed by positron emission therapy (PET) and DCE-MRI. 

The purpose of the review [8] was to describe four structurally similar stUbene compounds, piceataimol, pinosylvin, rhapontigenin, and pterostilbene, and detail some current pharmaceutical research and highlight their potential clinical applications. In the study [49], an extract of Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. containing pterostilbene has been evaluated for its PGE2-inhibitory activity in LPS-stimulated 

The active stilbene agents, reported in this chapter, derived from either marine or terrestrial sources tested in clinics have a unique chemistry that offers valuable information for their use as compounds for further chemical synthesis of more potent chemotherapeutic drugs against a variety of cancers. The stilbenes also possess the antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and estrogenic effects and chemo-preventive activities. A challenging goal is the search for more active natural products as therapeutic agents in cancer and other diseases. This search should be continued until a novel and very effective compound is found. 

1 FDA (2007) Guidance for Institutional Review Boards and Clinical Investigators. 

3 Finn, R. (1999) Cancer Clinical Trials Experimental Treatments and How They Can Help You, O Reilly Associates, Sebastopo. 

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In the past 12 years, about 800 novel Stilbenoids have been isolated and identified. According to their structural characteristics, they are classified into six types, namely, stilbenes, bibenzyls, bisbibenzyls, phenanthrenoids, stilbene oligomers and other stilbenoids. 

Apart from the structures mentioned above, there are other stilbenoids with some unique structural characteristics so they can not be easily classified into the above five types. We describe these stilbenoids in Table 19 and Fig. (47)-Fig. (49). These stilbenoids usually are hybrids of stilbenes conjugated with flavanoids or lignans, or are oligostilbene-related derivatives. 

Several studies have investigated the effects of resveratrol and of several other stilbenoids on AD for their ability to modulate multiple mechanisms of AD pathology [60]. In vitro studies have shown that resveratrol may protect against the Ap peptide-induced toxicity in PC 12 neuronal cells or primary neurons by influencing apoptotic signaling pathways, reducing changes in mitochondrial... 

Additionally, several reports indicate that -resveratrol inhibits the proliferation of a wide variety of human cancer cells including breast, prostate, colon, gastric, lung, pancreatic, liver, thyroid, and ovarian cancers, leukemia, lymphoma, osteosarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma, multiple myeloma, and medulloblastoma [135]. Among the other stilbenoids, piceatannol, a- and s-viniferin, hopeaphenol, pallidol, ampelopsin A, vaticanol B and C, and pterostilbene also showed cytotoxicity and/or antiproliferative effect on different tumor cell lines [136-145]. 

Resveratrol and other stilbenoids could be beneficial to cardiovascular health by acting on multiple targets, such as lipoproteins and oxidative stress, platelet aggregation, vasodilation, and myocardial infarction [132, 167, 168]. 

Resveratrol can also prevent the initial events of atherosclerosis in endothelial cells by inhibition of the enzymatic systems producing reactive oxygen species, such as NADPH oxidase and hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase, and by the inhibition of both the expression of adhesion molecules and the monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells [167]. Moreover, red wine polyphenols, in particular E-resveratrol, have been shown to inhibit the proliferation and the migration of vascular smooth muscle cells in intima, notably involved in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques [173]. In fact, resveratrol specifically blocks the mTOR pathway, which is activated by oxidized LDL, and regulates the proliferation of smooth muscle cells [174]. Other stilbenoids have been shown to exert an activity on this target as well. For example, pterostilbene inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation... 

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