Reducibility changes

About 42% of the ethylene glycol produced domestically is used as a nonvolatile antifreeze for Hquid-cooled motor vehicles (35) see Antifreezes and DEICING fluids). With smaller cars and reduced change frequency, antifreeze demand is stable. 

Such additives are also necessary to form a structure, if the amount of solids is very small and could be carried out with the water vapor during drying. Further-more, more CPAs could be used to adjust the pHvalue or to act as a buffer to reduce changes in pH value. CPAs for some products are discussed in Chapter 3. 

The GPC instrumentation and GPC procedures used here are the same as described earlier (I) but with slight alterations. The Kroeger HAK-1 pads furnished with the pressure filter were replaced by Millipore 5-/x Mitex membranes to reduce changes in solution concentrations arising from adsorption of the solute on the fibrous material of the pad. When retention of eluted fractions was desired, two shallow aluminum pans filled with tetrahydrofuran (THF) were placed in the syphon box, and then the door was closed and latched. The saturation of the enclosed air space by THF vapor minimized evaporation of the solution during drop formation, drop fall, and retention of fraction in the syphon. The possibility of diluting the sample solution when charging the sample loop was... 

Parenteral administration of 27 to 60 jLig/kg of selenium to laboratory animals has been shown to inhibit doxorubicin-induced decreases in myocardial vitamin E and GSH peroxidase levels and to reduce changes in myocardial function that are consistent with acute doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Oral supplementation of sodium selenite also protects against acute doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rabbits. 

To reduce changes of the active constituent during storage (e.g. unfolding or aggregation of proteins. 

The effectiveness of a buffer in reducing changes in pH is expressed as the buffer capacity, /3. The buffer capacity is defined by the ratio... 

Similarly, the effect of increasing the flow rate is not immediately clear. As fjj increases, the difference between CA0 and CA will decrease in such a way as to reduce changes in the first term on the right side of equation 5.48. At the same time dCA/dt should decrease since there will be Less variability in CA with clock time. This suggests that the accumulation term should disappear for high flow rates, but again, an analytic proof of this is not simple. 

The chanistry of copper in water and soils is very complex. Potential chemical forms include insoluble organic complexes, sulfide minerals, and solid copper phases. It is clear that changes in soil redox condition (from oxidized to reduced) change the relative distribution of copper in various soil phases. 

Similar results were reported by the same authors in a study involving 61 patients. The increased opioid requirement probably occurs because these antiepiieptics are potent enzyme inducers (with the exception of valproate), which increase the metabolism of fentanyi by the liver, so that its levels are reduced. Changes in the state of opiate receptors induced by chronic antiepileptic exposure may also be involved. A marked increase in the fentanyi requirements should therefore be anticipated in any patient receiving long-term treatment with these interacting antiepiieptics, but not valproate. 

Empirical evidence on this subject is mixed. A statistical analysis of airline data from 1963 to 1970 (pre-deregulation) by Golbe (1986, pg. 305) finds that safety [measured by accident rates] and profits have no significant relationship. Thus, it does not appear that profit-reducing changes in regulation... 

Table 2.3 also shows that the change-over time for the 75-mm extruder is approx. 5 minutes, while it is approx. 40 minutes in the 180-mm extruder. Clearly, the reduced change-over time results from the fact that the volume occupied by the plastic is much smaller (4 liter) in the 75-mm extruder than in the 180-mm extruder (40 liter). If the change-over time can be reduced from 40 to 5 minutes, this means that 35 minutes are now available to run production, resulting in greater up-time of the extrusion line. 

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