Other Pharmaceutical Applications

Other pharmaceutical applications have been proposed they are grouped in Table VI-11, which includes applications in both human and veterinary medicine. 

Other pharmaceutical applications have seen the SdFFF applied successfully to monitor droplet size distributions in emulsions, together with their physical state or stability. Some examples are fluorocarbon emulsions, safflower oil emulsions, soybean oil emulsions, octane-in-water emulsions, and fat emulsions. SdFFF is also able to monitor changes in emulsion caused by aging or by the addition of electrolytes. SdFFF has been used to sort liposomes, as unilamellar vesicles or much larger multilamellar vesicles, the cubosom, and polylactate nanoparticles used as drug delivery systems [41]. 

Florence (1983) provide a comprehensive reference for the use of surfactants in drug formulation development. The treatment by Florence (1981) of drug solubilization in surfactant systems is more focused on the question at hand and provides a clear description of surfactant behavior and solubilization in conventional hydrocarbon-based surfactants, especially nonionic surfactants. This chapter will discuss the conventional surfactant micelles in general as well as update the reader on recent practical/commercial solubilization applications utilizing surfactants. Other uses of surfactants as wetting agents, emulsiLers, and surface modiLers, and for other pharmaceutical applications are nc emphasized. Readers can refer to other chapters in this book for details on these uses of surfactant Polymeric surfactant micelles will be discussed in Chapter 13, Micellization and Drug Solubility Enhancement Part II Polymeric Micelles. 

Prospects of using star polymers and dendrimers in drug delivery and other pharmaceutical application. [N. A. Peppas, T. Nagai, M. Miyajima, Pharm. Techn. Jpn. 1994, 10(6), 611-617] [ 1862]. 

The literature reports NMR imaging techniques being utilized in a range of other pharmaceutical applications. Often these are isolated studies, but they provide important illustrations of the potential of these techniques. For example, density distributions in... 

Other pharmaceutical applications for micro-XRF can be found at www.horiba.com/scientific/ products/X-ray-fluorescence-analysis/applications/pharmaceutics/. 

Materials Various polymers, macromolecules and lipids, both synthetic and natural, have been employed in formulating biodegradable nanocarriers. Usually most of these compounds are utilized as excipients for other pharmaceutical applications or they have the consideration of Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) when administered by the oral route. Nevertheless, as mentioned before, their conversion into nanoparticulate devices opens the door to toxicological concerns... 

As a pharmaceutical, methyl salicylate is used in liniments and ointments for the relief of pain and for rheumatic conditions. As a flavor and fragrance agent, it is used in confectioneries, dentifrices, cosmetics, and perfumes. Other commercial applications for methyl salicylate are as a dye carrier, as a uv-light stabilizer in acrylic resins, and as a chemical intermediate. The May 1996 price was 5.50/kg (18). 

Indirect type, batch or continuous operation for pharmaceuticals such as peniciUin and blood plasma. Expensive. Used on beat-sensitive and readily oxidized materials under Liquids under Liquids under Liquids used on pharmaceuticals and related products which cannot be dried successfuby by other means. Applicable to fine chemicals under Granular solids cial cases such as emulsion-coated films under Granular solids... 

This oxidation state is sparse in the case of Mn but is important in the pharmaceutical applications of Tc, and an extensive chemistry has been developed. Some fluoro complexes of Tc and Re such as the salts of [MFe] are known, but oxo compounds predominate and, in [MOCls] and [MOX4] (X = Cl, Br, I) for instance, other halides are also able to coordinate. [MOX4] is square pyramidal with apical M=0 and the moiety is reminiscent... 

Other reported applications are in the field of agrochemistry, e.g. the determination of oil content in oilseeds [155], and in such diverse areas as environmental chemistry, soil samples, foodstuffs, natural products, animal tissues, pharmaceutical drugs, metabolism research, etc. Warning The author has noticed that the seals of the commercial apparatus (fexIKA) contain unwanted extractable material. 

Other industrial applications of the concept include that for coating tablets in the pharmaceutical industry (Wurster et al. 1965), for drying of... 

In summary, surface area measurements are relatively easy to obtain, and the technique can be applied to a wide variety of pharmaceutical applications. When used in conjunction with other techniques, it is a powerful problem solving technique. 

---