Other Medical Applications

The use of PTR-MS in medical science is not just restricted to breath analysis and online in vitro measurements of microbial cultures. PTR-MS has considerable potential for application in other medical areas, such as the analysis of the headspace above liquid and solid biological samples (e.g. urine, faeces or sputum samples) or detecting emissions from skin (a potential application being the early detection of skin cancers), but surprisingly there have been only a limited number of such studies at the time of writing. Furthermore, with the development of direct aqueous injection inlet systems (see Section 9.2), PTR-MS is not just limited to headspace analysis but now also has the potential to analyse liquid samples directly. 

Fragment ion of acetic acid, propylene, propan-1 -ol or propan-2-oK 

Meat spoilage (aerobic bacteria. Pseudomonas spp., Enterobacteriaceae, lactic acid bacteria. Enterococcus spp.) E. coUf S. flexneri/ S. enterica/ C. tropicalis, S. odorifera, M. kansasii/ M. avium/ M. smegmatis/ 

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Several perfluoroalkyl and cycloalkyl bromides were tested for potential as oxygen carriers, blood substitutes, radiopaque agents, for other medical applications or as intermediates. Their LD50 toxicity data are listed in Table 14 (for additional information, see also ref 2). 

This application was unique and accepted by an industry that was determined to avoid any errors in data transfer, as would be the case if alternate data transcription were used. It appeared to me that other medical applications could have benefited from this approach and I frequently, without success, tried to promote extending the market. No one was particularly interested—the aca people had their hands full with solving their internal problems, and no one was available to promote the paper as a unique product. 

Iodine was discovered in 1811 by French chemist Bernard Courtois (1777—1838). The element occurs primarily in seawater and in solids formed when seawater evaporates. Its single most important property may be the ability to kill germs. It is used in antiseptics, germicides (products that kill germs), and other medical applications. However, it has a great many other important commercial applications. 

There are other medical applications for radioactive strontium isotopes. Strontium-90 is used to treat a variety of eye disorders. And strontium-85 and strontium-87m are used to study the condition of bones in a person s body. 

Wells Plastics Ltd. of the UK, a compounder of additive masteibatches, has developed a technology that encapsulates silver ion anti-microbial systems within a soluble matrix. The silver ion formulations can help reduce infection in wound dressings, urinary catheters, and other medical applications. This article provides details. US,FOOD DRUG ADMINISTRATION WELLS PLASTICS LTD. 

In addition to its use in treating the eyes of newborn babies, silver nitrate has a number of other medical applications. It is used as a germicidal wall spray in medical facilities, as a topical (on the skin) anti-infective agent, for the cauterization of wounds, and as a general antiseptic. Cauterization is the process by which the skin surrounding a wound... 

While the supply of Taxol is generally meeting demand for cnrrently approved cancer treatments and clinical trials, researchers are discovering an increasing nnmber of other medical applications that will increase demand. Paclitaxel has shown promise for the treatment of psoriasis, polycystic kidney disease, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer s, among others [93]. 

Although the use of radiotherapy glass spheres in treating liver cancer is still at a relatively early stage the results appear promising. The commercially available product called TheraSphere made by MDS Nordion is approved in the United States and Canada for treating patients with inoperable liver cancer. Other medical applications for these glass spheres have been considered such as the treatment of cancers of the kidney and brain. 

Besides collagen in a solid form, one of the most commercially prosperous uses of collagen has been the subcutaneous injection of soluble collagen for the repair of dermatological defects. In other medical applications, similar collagen preparations have been injected successfully, like the treatment of vocal fold immobility and urinary incontinence. ... 

Dicalcium phosphate (anhydrous or sometimes as the dihydrate) has many uses. These include glass manufacture, plastics stabilisation, fertilisers and animal feeds. In addition, it is used as a dough additive, a nutrient and a dietary supplement. In pharmacy, it is used as a tablet diluent and dispersant calcium phosphates have other medical applications [32]. Other uses include paint and pigments and in toothpaste as a secondary abrasive. 

Conductive tape (Courtesy of Bally Ribbon Mills) is used to neutralize the static electricity and EMI shielding. An elastic webbing (Courtesy of Bally Ribbon Mills) with cable has been used for undersea communication. Physiological sensors and other sensors have been incorporated into textile substrate to monitor heart rate, skin temperature, movement and respiration, and muscle activity for medical and sports applications. RIP (respiratory inductance plethysmography) belts (Courtesy of Natus Neurology Incorporated) are used for sleep apnea monitoring. A conductive belt is used to make electrodes for EEC and other medical applications. A 3D conductive webbing (Courtesy of Bally Ribbon Mills) is also used as ON and OFF switch. 

Carbon nanotubes are the subject of many research studies from drug delivery systems to many other medical applications. Only a few references and examples have been mentioned here. This dmg delivery application by CNTs constitutes in itself the wide potential of fibrous material for smart implantable medical device designing, going beyond just the biological response impact and including physical and mechanical features. 

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