Elastic webbing

The realization that it was more economical to have a single respirator design for all three services led to the introduction of the General Service (GS) respirator, familiar to all those who served in the Second World War. Over 25 million of these respirators were made in the UK alone, and issued to all Commonwealth forces and Civil Defence Corps. The GS respirator consisted of a rubber facepiece with stockinette covering, flat circular eyepieces, a diver-type outlet valve, an elastic webbing harness and a filter canister fitted with an inlet valve. The canister, worn on the body and attached to the facepiece by a hose, was filled with activated charcoal granules, with a wool-asbestos mixture added later, and impregnated charcoal added even later. 

Figure 9.2 shows elastic webbing with cable. This webbing is used for under-sea communication. This elastic webbing wifli cable is woven in a loom at the same time. 

Figure 9.2 Elastic webbing with cable (Courtesy of Bally Ribbon Mills).

Figure 9.9 Four-strand elastic webbing (Courtesy of Ohmatex).

Conductive tape (Courtesy of Bally Ribbon Mills) is used to neutralize the static electricity and EMI shielding. An elastic webbing (Courtesy of Bally Ribbon Mills) with cable has been used for undersea communication. Physiological sensors and other sensors have been incorporated into textile substrate to monitor heart rate, skin temperature, movement and respiration, and muscle activity for medical and sports applications. RIP (respiratory inductance plethysmography) belts (Courtesy of Natus Neurology Incorporated) are used for sleep apnea monitoring. A conductive belt is used to make electrodes for EEC and other medical applications. A 3D conductive webbing (Courtesy of Bally Ribbon Mills) is also used as ON and OFF switch. 

Agarkova, I. and Perriard, J. C. 2005. The M-band An elastic web that crosshnks thick filaments in the center of the sarcomere. Trends Cell Biol, 15,477-485. 

Lower-density E-plastomers have found alternate use in cast film processes to make elastic film laminates with good breathability which contain laminates of liquid impermeable extensible polymeric films with extensible-thermoplastic-polymer-fiber nonwovens and nonwoven webs of polyethylene-elastomer fibers as the intermediate layers. The development relates to a breathable film including an E-plastomer and filler that contributes to pore formation after fabrication and distension of the film. The method and extent of distension is designed to produce a breathable film by stretching the film to form micropores by separation of the film of the E-plastomer from the particulate solids. This film is useful for manufacture of absorbent personal-care articles, such as disposable diapers and sanitary napkins and medical garments. In detail, these constructions comprise a liquid impermeable extensible film comprising polyolefins. The outer layer contains extensible-thermoplastic-polymer-fiber nonwovens, and an elastic intermediate layer contains nonwoven webs of fiber E-plastomers. The intermediate layer is bonded to the film layer and the outer... 

This textile fiber is the first man-made organic textile fiber prepared wholly from new material from the mineral kingdom. Though wholly fabricated from such common raw material as coal, water, and air, nylon can be fashioned into filaments as strong as steel, as fine as spider s web, yet more elastic than any of the common natural fibers. 

A spider s orb-web is formed by extrusion of a concentrated protein solution and stretching of the resulting fiber. The cross-strands, which are stronger than steel, resemble silkworm silk. The molecules contain microcrystalline p sheet domains that are rich in Gly-Ala repeats as well as polyalanine segments. The capture spiral is formed from much more elastic molecules that contain many -tum-forming sequences. These assume a springlike p spiral. See Box 2-B. 

Two examples may be used to illustrate the complexity of problems of this kind. When film is made by extrusion followed by casting on chill rolls there can be a tendency for the extruded web to shrink inwards towards the centre of the rolls—the phenomenon known as neck-in . The edge of film concerned becomes thicker than the rest. It has been found that more elastic melts, capable of keeping a tension in the direction of extrusion, are less liable to exhibit this fault. 

For an estimation of the concentration-dependence of the elastic modulus G it is necessary to consider the elastic modulus GA of the CCA-clusters more closely. By referring to the analytical results, Eqs. (56)—(59) of Kantor and Web-man [91],one obtains the elastic modulus of the elastically effective CCA-cluster backbone as the bending-twisting modulus of tender, curved rods [60,63,64] ... 

Within the context of proteins as polymer materials the number is still further limited, since only very few are available in sufficient bulk at low extraction cost to consider post-processing them into useful materials. More particularly, the fibrous proteins, such as collagen, certain plant proteins such as gluten, the component of wheat responsible for giving the elastic properties to bread doughs, and proteins produced from soy have been exploited to a limited degree, as we shall see below. In recent years there has also been renewed interest in fibrous silk proteins, from silk worms, spiders (as web-silk) and also from bioengineering routes. 

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