Other Interesting Equipment

After a recrystallization, you usually collect the new crystals by suction on a Buchner funnel (see Chapter 13, Recrystallization ). For microscale quantities you may have to use a Hirsch funnel—a tiny Buchner funnel with sloping sides and a flat porous plate (see Chapter 5, Other Interesting Equipment ). Or you might need the high-tech power of Craig tubes (see Chapter 14, RecrystalUzation Microscale ). Or you might be able to get away with a Pasteur pipet (Fig. 42). 

Decontaminating a site where chemical agents have been applied is its own unique challenge. At a 1998 NATO conference in Bucharest, military decontamination was discussed and examined. Most of the military applications of decontamination were primarily for the equipment and materials, and it did not, at that time, consider any civilian reoccupation of the contaminated battle sites. I had the opportunity to learn some other interesting things about decontamination activities. 

ISFET based systems have been developed at different laboratories [91 -93] using a planar or three dimensional set up. Such systems which are equipped with micropumps and valves are able to detect ions and other interesting chemical parameters (Fig. 4). Different approaches have been made in the detection of ions and diluted gases. Microarrays for measuring pressure, temperature, pH, 02 and C02 were realized using silicon technology and a hybrid set up of the different components [94]. Blood gas measurements with integrated pH, 02 and C02-electrodes have been tested in real samples [95]. 

The analysis of chemical reactors in terms of material and energy balances differs from the analysis of other process equipment in that one must take into account the rate at which molecular species are converted from one chemical form to another and the rate at which energy is transformed by the process. When combined with material and energy balances on the reactor, the reaction rate expression provides a means of determining the production rate and the composition of the product stream as functions of time. Both steady-state and time-varying situations may be analyzed using the same fundamental relations. Differences in the analyses result from the retention of different terms in the basic balance equations. A material balance on a reactant species of interest for an element of volume AV can be... 

Engineering guidelines produced by Factory Mutual (FM) to help reduce the risk of property loss due to fire, weather, and/or electrical or mechanical equipment failure. They are based on input from loss experience, research results, consensus standards committees, equipment manufacturers, and other interested participants. The subjects covered include construction, sprinklers, water supply, extinguishing equipment, electrical equipment, boilers and industrial heating equipment, hazards, storage, miscellaneous, human factors, systems instrumentation and control, pressure vessels, mechanical, welding, and boiler and machinery. They may also be referred to as FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets. See also Factory Mutual (FM). 

The Society of Plastics Engineers was founded in 1942 with the objective of promoting scientific and engineering knowledge relating to plastics. SPE is a professional society of plastics scientists, engineers, educators, students, and others interested in the design, development, production, and utilization of plastics materials, products, and equipment. 

Other interesting operational improvements for shutdown operation include a general review of applicability of procedures, development of an umbrella system of activities and development of specific post maintenance testing schemes. Development of an operating plan for shutdown which would indicate the required operability of systems and equipment could also be considered among operational improvements (some plants may call this an administrative improvement). 

There needs to be fundamental change at the FRA. The old way of doing business with the employment of ex-railroad inspectors to inspect track and equipment is wasteful and ineffective. As summarized in table 20.7, the "new" FRA will be somewhat schizophrenic in that it must be both a teacher and a police officer. In its role as an educator it would work with other interested parties to ensure that managers of inexperienced railroads are fully aware of the choices they have to make to provide a safe service. There would be a fundamental switch to formalized education and away from inspections. 

Since UV astronomy can be done only at very high altitudes or in space, its progress has been paced by the development of rocket vehicles for carrying the instruments above the atmosphere and other payload equipment such as pointing controls for directing the instruments at the objects of interest with adequate accuracy and stability. The rate of progress in the various subfields of UV astronomy has, therefore, depended on both instrumentation and supporting vehicular developments. 

This chapter is divided into three sections. The first section focuses on planned or adopted lead restrictions that may affect the electronics industry. The second section addresses waste management initiatives aimed at increasing WEEE recycling to minimize the disposal volume. The third section is an overview of industry and other interested parties positions on the phaseout of lead use in electronic equipment. 

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