Ossein

THE DILUTED HYDROCHLORIC ACID DISSOLVES THE CALCIUM SALTS IN THE BONE, LEAVING A FLEXIBLE SUBSTANCE CALLED OSSEIN. WASH OFF THE ACID. EXTRACT THE GELATIN IN THE OSSEIN BY BOILING IN WATER. 

If a good deal of the organic protein (ossein) has been left in the bone, as is the case when the fat has been extracted by solvents, and not by steaming, the resulting bone-meal quickly decomposes in the soil, the phosphoric acid being made partly soluble by the decomposition products of the proteins. Such a bone-meal will contain (approximately) 45 per cent, of calcium phosphate, 1-5 per cent, of magnesium phosphate and over 30 per cent, of organic matter. 

Different types of gelatine cannot be mixed as they have different isoelectric points and these different types are referred to by their origin and the agent used for hydrolysis, e.g. acid pigskin gelatine. Limed ossein gelatine is normally produced from cattle bones. 

A perusal of the data of Smith discloses that the specific rotation of 24-hr, low temperature gelatin is remarkably insensitive to protein concentration, in contradistinction to the direct relationship between mutarotation and chain association which some workers have assumed in the past (Kraemer and Fanselow, 1925 Katz, 1933). The independence of the two processes is also indicated by the investigations of Ferry and Eldridge (1949). On chilling ossein, alkali-processed gelatin solutions of various concentrations (2-6% protein), each solution attained virtually the same specific rotation ([a]s46 = —375°) after 24 hr. Moreover, the melting-out profiles of all of the solutions were essentially coincident, with [a] we declining... 

Alkali treatment reduces shrinkage temperature (Fysh, 1958), and Courts (1960) suggests a minimum figure of approximately 44°C for limed ossein (demineralized bone). At this stage few intermolecular cross-links can be present because the material can be dissolved in water at 60°C. Gustavson (1962) has shown that treatment with periodate also lowers the shrinkage temperature (Ts) by as much as 20°C. This could suggest that alkali and periodate attack the same cross-link, but other side reactions under the conditions used will also have some effect. 

Manufacture. Skins, bones or tendons, which contain collagen or ossein, are heated in water. The solution is purified according to the required use. 

In the alkali process, demineralized bones (ossein) or cattle skins are usually used. The animal tissue is held in a calcium hydroxide (lime) slurry for a period of 1-3 months at 15-20°C. At the end of the liming, the stock is washed with cold water to remove as much of the lime as possible. The stock solution is then neutralized with acid (HGl, H2SO4, H3PO4) and the gelatin is extracted with water in an identical manner to that in the acid process. 

In the acid process, the bones and skins are treated in a vessel containing a dilute solution of acid for a predetermined period of time. Then, the acid is washed out with cold water. In the alkali process, the demineralized bones (demineralization is mostly done with acid solutions to remove calcium and other salts from the bone to prepare the collagen-rich bone material known as ossein) are placed in liming pits and soaked in a lime suspension for longer than 60 days. For the hides or skins, a caustic soda solution is used for a shorter period of time. After this treatment, the raw material is washed thoroughly to remove any residual lime. The acid pretreatment is mostly used for skin, while the alkali pretreatment is mostly used for bones (Petersen and Yates, 1977). 

Orthodtoblorobensene, 802 Osmium, 104 Ossein, 352 Oxacids, 18 Oxslylurea, 262 Oxides. 41 Oxindol. 320 Oxy acids, 18 OxyohoHne, 211 Oxyoinohonine, 339 Oxygen, 40 Oxvhsrmoglobin, 354 Ozrneurine, 211... 

Ossein-base collagen Pancreatin Cattle hones Hog pancreas Ca salts, phosphates Puncreatin Dilute acid 1400... 

Collagen. Ossein. Mol wt about ]30,000. Polypeptide substance comprising one third of the total protein in mammalian organisms main constituent of skin, connective tissue, and the organic substance of bones and teeth. Prepd from bones by dissolving the mineral part of the bones with phosphoric acid Sciallano, Fr. pat. 688,104... 

XIL—Gkla-Tinous Substances.—Collagen.—Bony tissue is made up mainly of tricalcic phosphate, combined wuth an organic material called ossein, which is a mixture of collagen, elastin, and an albuminoid existing in the bone-cells. Collagen also exists in all substances which, when treated with HjO, under the influence of heat and pressure, yield gelatin. It is insoluble in cold HaO,... 

Gelatin and animal glues (glutines) are extracted from waste bones and hides [30.10, 30.11], Type A gelatin is produced by an acid extraction, while Type B uses an alkali — usually slaked lime. Demineralised bone (ossein) and cattle hide pieces are soaked in lime water at ambient temperature for up to 20 weeks. Additional milk of lime is added to the liquor to maintain the alkalinity. 

CAS 9007-34-5 EINECS/ELINCS 232-697-4 Synonyms Collagen fiber Ossein... 

Croda 50 Bloom Gelatin] Croda 60 Bloom Alkaline Processed Gelatin] Croda 160 Bloom Limed Gelatin] Croda 190 Bloom Acid Ossein... 

Gelatin, Croda 250 Bloom Acid Ossein Gelatin. See Gelatin... 

Croda 190 Bloom Acid Ossein Gelatin [Croda Colloids Ltd] Croda 250 Bloom Acid Ossein Gelatin [Croda Colloids Ltd] Crodyne BY-19 [Croda Inc http //www.croda.com]] Economix Gelatin [Vyse Gelatin http //www.vyse.com]] Edible Beef Gelatin [GMI Prods. http //www.gmi-originates.com]... 

---