Organophosphorus treated

Organophosphorus Derivatives. Neopentyl glycol treated with pyridine and phosphorus trichloride in anhydrous dioxane yields the cycHc hydrogen phosphite, 5,5-dimethyl-l,3-dioxaphosphorinane 2-oxide (2) (32,33). Compounds of this type maybe useful as flameproofing plasticizers, stabilizers, synthetic lubricants, oil additives, pesticides, or intermediates for the preparation of other organophosphoms compounds (see Flame retardants Phosphorus compounds). 

When saccharin is treated with diethyl phosphorothiolothionate, the 3-ethylmercapto compound is obtained, rather than the expected organophosphorus compound (77 ACS(B)460). Treatment of saccharin with phosphorus pentoxide and amines gives 3-(substituted-amino)-1,2-benzisothiazole 1,1-dioxides, via an intermediate phosphate (81ZN(B)1640). Reduction of saccharin with zinc and hydrochloric acid gives 2,3-dihydro-l,2-benzisothiazole 1,1-dioxide, the method being used to estimate saccharin in foodstuffs (75MI41701). 

Chen HH, Sirianni SR, Huang CC. 1982. Sister chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster cells treated with seventeen organophosphorus compounds in the presence of a metabolic activation system. Environ Mutagen 4 621-624. 

Chen MM, Hsueh JE, Sirianni SR, et al. 1981. Induction of sister-chromatid exchanges and cell cycle delay in cultured mammalian cells treated with eight organophosphorus pesticides. Mutat Res 88 307-316. 

Degraeve N, Moutschen J. 1984. Absence of genetic and cytogenetic effects in mice treated by the organophosphorus insecticide parathion, its methyl analogue, and paraoxon. Toxicology 32 177-183. 

This chapter will also deal with compounds containing two or three phosphinous amide units, which, for simpUcity, will be named here as bis(amino-phosphanes) or tris(aminophosphanes) but not with phosphinous amides containing other additional organophosphorus functionaUties as, for instance, the so-called aminophosphine phosphinites (AMMP), which have been the subject of increasing attention in the Uterature dealing with catalytic asymmetric transformations and have been treated in other reviews [2,3]. 

Aprea, C., Sciarra, G., Sartorelli, P., Desideri, E., Amati, R., and Sartorreli, E. (1994) Biological monitoring of exposure to organophosphorus insecticides by assay of urinary alkylphosphates influence of protective measures during manual operations with treated plants, Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health, 66 333-338. 

Microwaves were used to support S-arylation of 5-substituted oxadiazoline-2-thiones <2000BMC69> and <2000M1207>. 5-(4-Pyridyl)oxadiazoline-2-thiones treated with 2-haloesters also afforded A-alkyl derivatives <2000CHE851>. A similar reaction occurred in the case of 5-pyrazolyloxadiazoline-2-thiones <2000JFA5312>. Organophosphorus derivatives of 1,3,4-oxadiazole were obtained by the reaction of bis(oxadiazolinethiones) with 0,0-diethylchlorophosphate (Scheme 21) <1998JFA1609>. 

When compared to control stream, no effect on total abundance of benthic organisms. However, in both treated streams, species diversity decreased by equal amounts and was still decreasing at day 100. Adverse sublethal effects were noted in fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas (spinal deformities) and bluegills (cholinesterase inhibition, signs of organophosphorus poisoning) only in the pulse-dosed stream. In all streams, however, fish survived, grew, and reproduced equally well (Eaton et al. 1985)... 

A second class of compounds, capable of regenerating active enzyme from the organophosphorus-cholinesterase complex, is also available to treat organophosphorus poisoning. These oxime agents include pralidoxime (PAM), diacetylmonoxime (DAM), and others. 

Poisoning by organophosphorus compounds can be treated, and although the acute symptoms can be alleviated, the delayed neuropathy cannot. There are two treatments that may be used, both involving antidotes ... 

---