Organization classification, individuation

It is therefore apparent that, because of its diversity of operations and close links in many areas with other industries, there is no simple definition of the chemical industry. Instead each official body which collects and publishes statistics on manufacturing industry will have its definition as to which operations are classified as the chemical industry . It is important to bear this in mind when comparing statistical information which is derived from several sources. Perhaps the best known international definition for chemicals is that contained in Section 5 of the United Nations Standard International Trade Classification. Individual countries definitions will differ from this to varying degrees, as will the companies trade organizations—such as the Chemical Industries Association (CIA) in the U.K.—in each country. 

Color Additives. The FDA has created a unique classification and strict limitations on color additives (see also CoLORANTS FOR FOOD, DRUGS, COSMETICS, AND MEDICAL DEVICES). Certified color additives are synthetic organic dyes that ate described in an approved color additive petition. Each manufactured lot of a certified dye must be analyzed and certified by the EDA prior to usage. Color lakes are pigments (qv) that consist of an insoluble metallic salt of a certified color additive deposited on an inert substrate. Lakes are subject to the color additive regulations of the EDA and must be certified by EDA prior to use. Noncertifted color additives requite an approved color additive petition, but individual batches need not be EDA certified prior to use. 

Management policies have an all pervasive effect on the activities of individuals at every level in the organization. The safety-related factors at the management level which have been considered in the organizational systems perspective in Chapter 2, will be summarized here to complete the general classification scheme of PIFs. 

The World Health Organization (WHO) promotes the use of an Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification system for the collection and analysis of data on drug use. This was originally developed by Scandinavian authorities, and uses a combination of anatomical, therapeutic and chemical criteria to assign drugs to an individual class. The top-level categories, which are anatomically based, are listed in Table 3.2. 

Chapter 21 contains four indices to allow easy access to specific agents in this handbook. These indices are the Alphabetical Index of names, the Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) numbers index, the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) numbers index, and the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) agent numbers index. These indices contain synonyms and identifying numbers for the agents in this handbook that are cross-referenced to the individual agents via the handbook number. 

Different classification systems are available to estimate the individual risk of presenting a cardiovascular event in the next 10 years. One of the most frequently used is the Framingham score risk, for which there is also software available online (Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program 2002), but recently several organizations involved in cardiovascular care have produced guidelines to identify and manage these risk situations (Mosca 2004). 

The industrial stream to be treated, the feed, will not be an analytical grade solute dissolved in water, but often contains several known and unknown substances, both organic and inorganic. To be able to make an initial selection of possible solvents, it is necessary to make a classification of the individual substances present in the feed and of the groups of substances with chemical similarities, for instance, paraffins, aromatics, salts, or others. The following questions have to be answered ... 

A fundamental classification of organic reactions is possible on the basis of the kinds of bonds that are formed and destroyed and the natures of eliminations, substitutions, and additions of groups. Here a more pragmatic list of 20 commercially important individual kinds or classes of reactions will be discussed. 

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