Organic solid , solubility

Solubilities and Aqueous Activity Coefficients of Organic Liquids Solubilities and Aqueous Activity Coefficients of Organic Solids Solubilities and Aqueous Activity Coefficients of Organic Gases Illustrative Example 5.1 Deriving Liquid Aqueous Solubilities, Aqueous Activity Coefficients, and Excess Free Energies in Aqueous Solution from Experimental Solubility Data... 

Capreomycin disulfate USP is a white solid, soluble ia water and relatively iasoluble ia most organic solvents. It must contain at least 90% capreomycias I. A representative lot contained 25% capreomycin IA, 67% IB, 3% IIA, and 6% IIB (119). The stmctures of capreomycin IA and IB have been determiaed and the compounds synthesized (120). The stmctures of capreomycin IIA and IIB are probably those shown ia Table 4. 

A compound whose solubility increases with temperature can be purified by recrystallization. The impure solid is dissolved in a minimum volume of hot water. The hot solution is filtered to remove insoluble impurities, and then the solution is cooled in an ice bath. The solubility of the compound decreases as the temperature drops, causing the substance to precipitate from solution. Soluble impurities usually remain in solution. Purification by recrystallization is not restricted to aqueous solutions. An organic solid can be purified by recrystallization from an appropriate organic solvent. 

A synthesis of comblike organoboron polymer/boron stabilized imidoanion hybrids was examined via reactions of poly(organoboron halides) with 1-hexylamine and oligo(ethylene oxide) monomethyl ether and subsequent neutralization with lithium hydride (scheme 8). The obtained polymers (10) were amorphous soft solids soluble in common organic solvents such as methanol, THF, and chloroform. In the nB-NMR spectra (Fig. 11), neutralization of the iminoborane unit with lithium hydride... 

Soluble organic solid waste can usually be transferred into a waste solvent drum, provided near-term incineration of the contents is assured. 

Heat of fusion This value, normally reported inkcal/mol, is also referred to as the heat of melting. For solids, the heat of fusion is required to estimate the solubility of the solute to account for crystal lattice interactions. The theoretical basis for introducing this value into the estimation of aqueous solubility of organic solids is explained by Irmann(1965) and Yalkowsky and Valvani (1979). Heat of fusion data is available in many texts including Dean (1987), Weast (1986), and CHRIS (1984). Experimentally determined data were reported by Plato and Glasgow (1969) and Hickley et al. (1990). 

Physical Form. Colorless crystalline solid, soluble in water and organic solvents... 

A general reference often consulted today for the physical and chemical properties of common chemicals is Lange s Handbook of Chemistry (Dean 1999), which lists many chemical compounds and their most important properties. It is organized into separate chapters of Physical constants of organic molecules with 4300 compounds and Physical constants of inorganic molecules, and lists each compound alphabetically by name. Some of these properties are very sensitive to temperature, but less sensitive to pressure, and they are listed as tables, or more compactly as equations of the form /(T) for example, liquid heats of evaporation, heat capacities of multi-atom gases, vapor pressures over liquids, liquid and solid solubilities in liquids, and liquid viscosities. Some of these properties are sensitive both to temperature and pressure. 

Ru3(CO)i2 is an orange air-stable crystalline solid, soluble in a wide variety of organic solvents, insoluble in water, and volatile. Its IR spectrum, in hexane, shows vco bands at 2061 (vs), 2031 (s), and 2011 (m) cm . No band assignable to a bridging carbonyl ligand is observed. ... 

The peroxo complexes are white solids, soluble in mineral acids, but insoluble in common organic solvents. They are relatively stable at room temperature however, they lose active oxygen at elevated temperatures. Several of the compounds in Table 8 were isolated with... 

Solubilities and Aqueous Activity Coefficients of Organic Solids... 

Now it is clear that the solubilities of organic solids in water are dependent on both the incompatibility of the chemicals with the water and the ease with which the solids are converted to liquids. 

The majority of the compounds of the type Ar3BiY2 are stable crystalline solids, soluble in organic solvents. They give normal molecular weights in solvents... 

Chlorate. Potassium chlorate, [CAS 3811-04-9], chlorate of potash, KCIO, white solid, soluble, mp about 350°C, powerful oxidizing agent, and consequently a fire hazard with dry organic materials, such as clothes, and with sulfur upon heating oxygen is liberated and the residue is potassium chloride formed by electrolysis of potassium chloride solution under proper conditions, Used (l)m matches, (2) in pyrotechnics, (3) as disinfectant, (4) as a source of oxygen upon heating, (Hazardous Use of potassium perchlorate is recommended instead )... 

Formate. Sodium formate, [CAS 141-53-7]. NaCllCb, white solid, soluble, formed by reaction of NaOH and carbon monoxide under pressure at about 20(fU. Used (I) as a source of formate and formic acid, (2) as a reducing agent in organic chemistry. (3) as a mordant in dyeing. 

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