Organic industrial chemicals classification

PEL Pg pmol PHS PMR ppb ppm ppt REL RfD RTECS sec SCE SIC SIR SMR STEL STORET TLV TSCA TRI TRS TWA u.s. UF yr WHO wk permissible exposure limit picogram picomole Public Health Service proportionate mortality ratio parts per billion parts per million parts per trillion recommended exposure limit Reference Dose Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances second sister chromatid exchange Standard Industrial Classification Standardized incidence ratio standard mortality ratio short term exposure limit STORAGE and RETRIEVAL threshold limit value Toxic Substances Control Act Toxics Release Inventory total reduced sulfur time-weighted average United States uncertainty factor year World Health Organization week... 

E.H. Hurst s overview introduced several themes pursued by other chemical industry speakers. The Dow Chemical Company s E.H. Blair analyzed the problem of setting priorities for testing the 55,000 existing chemicals listed in the TSCA inventory for their effects on health and the environment. Resources for such testing are not unlimited. A systematic classification was made of these substances by production volume. The 9.5% of these substances which account for 99.9% of reported production were divided further into categories such as organic, inorganic, and polymeric. 

The industrial stream to be treated, the feed, will not be an analytical grade solute dissolved in water, but often contains several known and unknown substances, both organic and inorganic. To be able to make an initial selection of possible solvents, it is necessary to make a classification of the individual substances present in the feed and of the groups of substances with chemical similarities, for instance, paraffins, aromatics, salts, or others. The following questions have to be answered ... 

The principles of ecotoxicological quality classification based on the TU index are included in the 2002 recommendations of the Helsinki Commission (HELCOM). The classification applies to samples of treated effluents discharged to waters from industrial plants manufacturing chemicals,98 textiles,99 and pesticides.100 HELCOM recommends testing the acute toxicity of effluent samples using two of the four suggested indicator organisms (Table 9.6). 

Early in the twentieth century, the chemical industry was considered to have two parts the discovery, synthesis, and manufacture of inorganic and organic chemicals. Later, and until about 1997, the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) of the U.S. Bureau of the... 

Since the Bronze Age both natural ceramic raw materials and synthetic raw materials have been used. Today synthetic raw materials are referred to as industrial minerals or specialty chemicals. Natural raw materials are those to which only physical separations are performed (e.g., clay soils from which organic raw materials are floated, feldspar rock ground to a particular size distribution). With this classification, a description of common ceramic raw materials will be given in the next part of this chapter. 

As a consequence of its recent development the petrochemical industry is relatively much younger than the major inorganic chemicals industry. However, one can easily be misled by the classification of products that are termed petrochemical . Basically a petrochemical is derived directly or indirectly from a petroleum or natural gas fraction. It may be organic, such as ethylene, benzene, or formaldehyde, or it may be inorganic, such as ammonia, nitric acid, and ammonium nitrate (Chap. 11). So a petrochemical is not synonymous with an organic chemical, although most petrochemicals are also organic chemicals. 

Industry 2823 entitled Plastics Materials and Elastomers, except Synthetic Rubber is in industry group 282, entitled Industrial Organic Chemicals. This group is a part of major group 28, Chemicals and Allied Products. It is in part 1, The Manufacturing Industry Section of the Standard Industrial Classification Code (7). 

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