Organic Acid Phosphates

Amine salts of organic acid phosphates are finding use as antistatic agents for non-celluloslc fibers. 

High phosphorus content and resin compatibility of the organic acid phosphates indicate their usefulness as flameproofing plasticizers. 

Appearance pale yellow liquid Specific Gravity 1.13 Viscosity (Centlstokes) 77F 101 

Appearance It. tan solid Specific Gravity 1.284 Melting Point 48C 

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Organic Acid Phosphates, Product Information Bulletin, Mobil Chemical Company, Industrial Chemicals Div., Richmond, VA. 

Organic acids, phosphates, and Tris have been employed routinely as buffers in protein formulations (Table 2). 

Organic acids, phosphates and phosphonates amino acids, aminocarboxylates, (aza)crown ethers, phenols, heterocyclic and aromatic compounds... 

In renal failure, organic acids, phosphate, and sulfate are increased because of retention. Chronic metabolic acidosis enhances mobilixation of calcium from bone the decrease in plasma pH increases dissociation of plasma protein-bound calcium so that more Ca is filtered through the glomerulus and less is reabsorbed in the tubule (see also Chapter 45). 

Alkalinity is a measure of the acid-neutralizing capacity of the solution. It is measured by titrating the solution to pH 8.3 to determine phenol-phthalein alkalinity and to a pH near 4.5 (see Greenberg et al. (1992) for exact values) to determine total alkalinity. Note that most values reported as alkalinity are total alkalinity. Alkalinity is also reported as mg CaCOs/L equivalent, which can be interpreted as the equivalent amount of calcite needed to consume the amount of acid titrated. Because bicarbonate is usually the predominate anion in most non-marine surface waters and shallow groundwater, total alkalinity values are sometimes interpreted as a reflection of the bicarbonate concentration of the solution. This interpretation should be applied with caution because several other kinds of anions, including hydroxide, organic acids, phosphates, silicates, carbonate, and borate, contribute to the measured alkalinity. 

Hydrochloric Acid <1 70-150 21-66 G - - - plus organic acid, phosphates, sulfur compounds in pepsin extraction. 

In the former, it gives precipitates with halides (except the fluoride), cyanides, thiocyanates, chromates(VI), phosphate(V), and most ions of organic acids. The silver salts of organic acids are obtained as white precipitates on adding silver nitrate to a neutral solution of the acid. These silver salts on ignition leave silver. When this reaction is carried out quantitatively, it provides a means of determining the basicity of the acid... 

Organic acids and phosphate esters [2] NH4SCN FeClj... 

A 0-9% salt solution is considered to be isotonic with blood. Other electrolytes present include bicarbonate ions (HCOj ) and small amounts of potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, sulphate and organic acid ions. Included among the complex compounds and present in smaller amounts are phospholipids, cholesterols, natural fats, proteins, glucose and amino acids. Under normal conditions the extracellular body fluid is slightly alkaline with a pH of 7-4. ... 

With the salts of certain weak acids, such as carbonic, sulphurous, and nitrous acids, an additional factor contributing to the increased solubility is the actual disappearance of the acid from solution either spontaneously, or on gentle warming. An explanation is thus provided for the well-known solubility of the sparingly soluble sulphites, carbonates, oxalates, phosphates(V), arsenites(III), arsenates(V), cyanides (with the exception of silver cyanide, which is actually a salt of the strong acid H[Ag(CN)2]), fluorides, acetates, and salts of other organic acids in strong acids. 

A suspension of lithium methoxide (prepared from 1.00 g (31.2 mmol) of methanol in 50 mL of THF and 17.7 mL (27.2 mmol) of 1.54 M butyllithium in hexane) is transferred via a cannula into a — 78 C sol ution of 5.86 g (27.1 mmol) of 2-[(/ )-(/T)-1-chloro-2-butenyl]-4,4,5,5-tctramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolane in 100 mL of THF. The solution is warmed, becoming homogeneous at 0 JC, and stirred for 1 h. Solvents arc removed in vacuo and the residue dissolved in 150 mL of petroleum ether (bp 40 -60 °C). This solution is washed with a citric acid/boric acid/phosphate buffer (pH 3) until the aqueous phase shows a pH of 4. The aqueous phase is extracted with 50 mL of petroleum ether (bp 40 - 60 rC). The combined organic extracts are dried over MgS04 and concentrated in vacuo to give a slightly tan oil yield 5.34 g (90%) ca. 90% ee. 

Both inorganic acids, such as hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid, and organic acids, such as formic acid, can be used to increase the pH. Acids are used in combination with surfactants. Various phosphates, pyrophosphates. 

F. S. Zhang, J. Ma, and Y. P, Cao, Phosphorus deficiency enhances root exudation of low-molecular weight organic acids and utilization of sparingly soluble inorganic phosphates by radish (Raphanus. sativus L.) and rape Bra.ssica napus L.) plants. 

Especially in dicotyledonous plant species such as tomato, chickpea, and white lupin (82,111), with a high cation/anion uptake ratio, PEPC-mediated biosynthesis of carboxylates may also be linked to excessive net uptake of cations due to inhibition of uptake and assimilation of nitrate under P-deficient conditions (Fig. 5) (17,111,115). Excess uptake of cations is balanced by enhanced net re-lea,se of protons (82,111,116), provided by increased bio.synthesis of organic acids via PEPC as a constituent of the intracellular pH-stat mechanism (117). In these plants, P deficiency-mediated proton extrusion leads to rhizosphere acidification, which can contribute to the. solubilization of acid soluble Ca phosphates in calcareous soils (Fig. 5) (34,118,119). In some species (e.g., chickpea, white lupin, oil-seed rape, buckwheat), the enhanced net release of protons is associated with increased exudation of carboxylates, whereas in tomato, carboxylate exudation was negligible despite intense proton extrusion (82,120). 

E. Hoffland, Quantitative-evaluation of the role of organic-acid exudation in the mobilization of rock phosphate by rape. Plant Soil 140 219 (1992). 

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