Order entry acceptance

CAS does not plan to use NAPLPS, because it is not as versatile as other device driver interfaces. NAPLPS is not conducive to manipulation of complex images, such as chemical structures. However, it is feasible to use it as a display format, much as STN International uses PLOT-10 today. Wider acceptance of videotext in other on-line applications (e.g. catalog display and order entry) is needed so that more people will have NAPLPS terminals and decoders. For graphics applications which serve a large customer base, it is important to provide support for the terminals that customers have. STN International customers are unlikely to have NAPLPS terminals, so it is not currently considered a graphics representation which needs to be supported. 

The system that has probably had the largest impact on medication error is computerized physician order entry (CPOE), in which medication orders are written online. This improves orders in several ways. First, they are structured, so they must include a drug, dose and frequency the computer, unlike a person, can refuse to accept any order without this information. They are always legible,... 

Another part of the demand management decision is made by the planning department. The planning department can maintain some slack in the schedule of orders accepted so that order entry can accept rush orders from preferred customers. 

From a broader perspective, if cycle times become an issue, the need to match performance with promises is considered to make certain customers will be satisfied by getting their orders completed in the time frame set up before order entry. A caveat is in order here. Our research has shown overwhelmingly that it is less important, in most business situations, to promise extremely short cycle times than it is to make reliable commitments. While 24 hours or less seems to be a goal for many delivery cycles, getting the goods within 72 hours with 100% accuracy can be very acceptable to most customers and their planning systems. The problem always occurs when the goods are not at the point of need at the time promised and the customer must take alternative action. 

The system should include built-in checks of the correct entry and processing of data. In order to verify the validation data, some computer systems may periodically be submitted to a defined group of inputs for which the result is known and the result must be kept and filed. If the results are acceptable, the computer system is operating well, but if the results do not match the expected ones, the computer system is not working properly and maintenance is required. In this situation, all the results obtained from the referred computer system since the last validation verification are consided questionable and must be reevaluated. 

Factory Acceptance Testing (FAT) is conducted within a simulated environment to demonstrate that the system meets the URS and FDS. The FAT will only be conducted if the software is a new development or major adaptation of the standard product. The FAT is the first opportunity for the pharmaceutical manufacturer to test the system in its entirety. The scope of the testing should be wide enough to ensure that most problems can be identified and rectified within the development enviromnent. Where tests are not dependent on the operating environment as, for example, in data entry validation, the FAT may serve as the validation record for that function. However, in order to adopt this approach, formal test specifications must be developed and approved prior to executing the tests, and results must be clearly recorded. 

Regardless of physician resistance, Ayerst was forced to redesign propranolol s clinical trials several times in order to create a study protocol that would meet FDA requirements. For example, detailed negotiations were necessary to work out the entry criteria for a trial launched in 1973. The company wanted to accept patients who had two angina attacks per week, wliile the agency demanded five per week. Ultimately, both sides agreed that no more than one-fourth of any one test group could have fewer than five attacks per... 

In Figure 3 the estimation has been performed for 2,2-dichloro-l-phenylethanol using the HOSE code technique over a one- to four-bond sphere, showing the necessity of taking into account at least the three-bond sphere in order to get reliable results. From practical experience it can be concluded that for chemical shift estimation of an sp carbon a three-bond sphere is necessary in order to include y-effects, whereas for sp carbons a four-bond sphere usually gives acceptable results, because this includes also pnrn-substituents within aromatic systems. For some rare cases a correlation up to a six-bond sphere may be necessary the alternative is the visual inspection of the distribution of the chemical shift values of the reference spectra in order to select the correct entries... 

The commissioning of a nuclear power station differs from that of a conventional plant more in a matter of degree than in principle. It is accepted that once substantial power has been achieved, entry to the core area is impossible within economic time scales, although the rest of the reactor, i.e. boilers and gas circulators, is accessible for inspection. However, the high capital cost of the plant puts a premium on trouble-free operation and the development of maximum attainable load in the minimum possible time. Safety aspects to be considered in order of occurrence are electrical, mechanical and radiological. 

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