Orange process patents

The second and third patents on which GSK sued Apotex were anhydrate patents. The second was Patent No. 5,872,132 (the 132 patent), which claims paroxetine hydrochloride anhydrate (having no associated water molecules) and so differs from the hemihydrate form sold by GSK. In fact, the hemihydrate form is prior art to this patent and, thus, GSK represented to the Patent Office that the anhydrate is patentably distinct from the hemihydrate. GSK also sued on Patent No. 6,080,759 (the 759 patent), which claims the anhydrate made according to a specified process. The 132 and 759 patents raise the issue of whether polymorph patents should be listed in the Orange Book, discussed in Appendix H. 

Another method of preparation is as follows 1 33 parts of fluorescein are dissolved in 5 parts of ether and treated with 25 parts of selenium chloride in the same solvent. A yellowish-red precipitate separates, and after long stirring at the ordinary temperature the ether is distilled off. The residue is stirred with water, the mixture filtered and the residue now dissolved in sodium hydroxide. After further filtration the filtrate is treated with hydrochloric acid, which precipitates seleno-fluorescei n. Further purification is effected by solution in alkali and reprecipitation. A reddish-brown powder is obtained, soluble with fluorescence in alcohol, but insoluble in water. In concentrated sulphuric acid it dissolves to give an orange solution. Its alkali salts are very soluble in wrater, giving red solutions. This process may also be applied to phthalins, which are obtained by the reduction of phthaleins and their halogen derivatives. If the selenium chloride is replaced by the oxychloride similar products are obtained.2 In place of the phthalins specified in the patents quoted, their O-acetyl compounds or O-acetyl compounds of the phthaleins may be used in indifferent solvents. The products are different from those obtained by the action of selenium on fluoresceins in aqueous alkali solutions.3... 

D-Limonene Another class of low-temperature HTF is based on naturally derived terpenes such as D-limonene. U.S. Patent 3,597,355 describes o-limo-nene as being particularly preferred among all the monocycloterpenes because of its characteristic properties such as low viscosity at low temperatures. D-Limonene is the major component in the oil of citrus fruit and is present in trace quantities in orange juice. It is recovered in commercial quantities by distilling orange oil obtained from citrus peels. Being derived from the citrus industry, o-limonene is considered a safe and environmentally friendly HTF, and hence it is preferred in many food and pharmaceutical processes. However, the melting point of D-limonene is about —78°C. Below this temperature, it becomes a thick white gel like substance that is impossible to pump. Therefore, the use of o-limonene is limited to... 

Utilization of washed orange pulp in food processing and product applications was explored. In one specific case, the hydrated pulp was combined with ungelatinized starch, edible acids, nutritive sweeteners and additional water. The mixture was heated and the system brought to 48-53% solids from the 30-40% solids starting level. This process leading to an ingredient is the basis of U.S. patent 4,232,049 (12). 

Graeme Moad was bom in Orange, NSW, Australia. He obtained his BSc (Hons, First Class) and PhD from the Adelaide University in the field of organic free radical chemistry. After undertaking postdoctoral research at Pennsylvania State University in the field of biological oi anic chemistry he joined CSIRO in 1979 where he is currently a chief research scientist and a research group leader. He is also a project leader within the Cooperative Research Centre for Polymere. Dr. Moad is author or co-author of over 150 publications, co-inventor of 33 patent families (9 relate to the RAFT process), and co-author of the book The Chemistry of Radical Polymerization. More than 11500 papers dte his work and his h-indexis 51. His research interests lie in the fields of polymer design and synthesis (radical polymerization, reactive extmsion, polymer nanocomposites) and polymerization kinetics and mechanism. Dr. Moad is a Fellow of the Royal Australian Chemical Institute and has recently been elected as a titular member of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 

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