Optimize nuclear technology

We must optimize nuclear technology reduce the volume of waste drastically by re-use/ burn of discharged fuel, and ensure sustainability and maximization of resource utilization. This means that the core design, fuel design, and safety must be harmonized with the waste streams and fuel supply. 

Among the pentavalent elements, the most important are niobium and tantalum. Niobium is an excellent material for surface treatment of steel materials for chemical industry due to its high hardness and corrosion-resistance in wet acidic conditions. Nowadays, niobium is also used for the preparation of superconductor tapes and it is used in other branches of industry, for instance in nuclear technology and metallurgy. Tantalum is also of similar importance. For these applications, it is necessary to prepare high purity metal. Molten salt electrolysis, as an alternative process to classical thermal reduction, provides niobium and tantalum with required quality. In order to optimize these processes, it is necessary to know details of both complex formation and redox chemistry of the species present in the melts. 

Harunuzzaman, M. Aldemir, T. 1996. Optimization of standby safety system maintenance schedules in nuclear power plants. Nuclear Technology 1996 113 354-67. 

IV-10] SAMOILOV, O.B, et al.. Operation experience of the TVSA fuel assembly within the units of the Kalinin NPP and optimization of its design 14 annual conference of the Russian Nuclear Society Scientific support of a safe use of nuclear technologies (Paper presented at annual conf, 23-27 June 2003, Udomlya, Tverskaya region, Russia, in Russian). 

YENGOVATOV, I.A., et al., "Radiation control volume optimization methodology". Nuclear Technology Tomorrow (Abstr. 3rd Ann. Scl. Conf. Nucl. Soc. Int., St. Petersburg, 1992), Nucl. Soc. Int., Moscow (1992) 270-271. 

Nuclear power is the best, perhaps the only, realistic power source for both long-distance space travel and long-lived, nnattended operation of MEMS devices. Much more research will have to be done to optimize the currently available technologies for future applications, bnt nuclear technologies will clearly provide viable, economic solutions, and they should be given continned attention and support as they approach commercialization... 

In case of Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs), compacted storage of Spent Fuel Assemblies (SFAs) in cooling ponds appears to be actually an optimal solution, provided that nuclear safety is ensured. However such a solution has, imdoubtedly, some safety and technological limitations. 

Optimize the use of existing renewable technologies wind waves hydroelectric geotheimal solar conversion solutions and solar-assisted, sustainable, clean fuel cycles (including advanced biofuels and partial artificial photosyntliesis). Development and use of Clean Coal technology, advanced geotheimal technology, clean(er) nuclear breeders, and more efficient power stations. 

Kl. Kearney, J. P. Simulation and Optimization Techniques for Nuclear In-Core Fuel Management Decisions, thesis submitted to the Department of Nuclear Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass., in partial fulfillment of requirements for the Ph.D. degree, 1973. 

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