Operating safety filters

The filters should be located downstream of the coolers and should be equipped with a vent and orificed fill line to permit air removal prior to being put into service to prevent shocking the system. External lifts for the filter covers should be furnished if the covers are too heavy for an operator to safely handle. A suggested weight is 35 pounds, deferring however to operator safety. An adequate valved drain should be furnished for each filter body to permit easy removal of dirty oil and sludge. 

ANSI/ASC Z49.1-88 states, in part, that Helmets or hand shields with filter lenses. . . shall be used by operators. . . Safety spectacles with side shields, goggles or other suitable eye protection shall also be worn. ... 

The technique of the filtration of hot solutions has already been described in Section 11,28. The filtration of cold solutions will now be considered this operation is usually carried out when it is desired to separate a crystalline solid from the mother liquor in which it is suspended. When substantial quantities of a solid are to be handled, a Buchner funnel of convenient size is employed. The ordinary Buchner fimnel (Fig. 11,1, 7, a) consists of a cylindrical porcelain funnel carrying a fixed, flat, perforated porcelain plate. It is fitted by means of a rubber stopper or a good cork into the neck of a thick-walled filtering flask (also termed filter flask, Buchner flask or suction flask) (Fig. 11,1, 7, c), which is connected by means of thick-walled rubber tubing (rubber pressure tubing) to a similar flask or safety bottle, and the latter is attached by rubber pressure tubing to a filter pump the safety bottle or trap is essential since a sudden fall in water pressure may result in the water sucking back. The use of suction renders rapid filtration possihle... 

Another option available with rotary vacuum dmm filters is fiiU enclosure. This enables operation under nitrogen or other atmospheres, for reasons such as safety, prevention of vapor loss, etc. Enclosure may also be used to prevent contamination of the material being filtered or to confine the spray from washing nozzles. The rotary dmm filter also can be enclosed in a pressure vessel and operated under pressure. 

Compressed airline system a faeepieee or hood is eonneeted to a filter box and hand-operated regulator valve whieh is provided with a safety deviee to prevent aeeidental eomplete elosure. Full respiratory, eye and faeial proteetion is provided by full-faeepieee versions. The eompressed air is supplied from a eompressor through a manifold or from eylinders. 

Class U The Class U (Types A, Bl, B2, and biological safety cabinets provide personnel, environmental, and product protection. Airflow is drawn around the operator, through the hood opening and into the front grill of the cabinet, which provides personnel protection, in addition, the downward flow of HEPA-filtered air provides product protection by minimizing the chance of cross-contamination along the work surface of the cabinet. Because cabinet air has passed through the exhaust HEPA filter, it... 

All data recorded in the data base have been acquired from plant records. Statistical reductions of data for generation of reports or specific end use are available. Data are currently collected from four operating plants (eight units). Time clocks have been installed on components, to record actual exposure time. Event data are available on a broad variety of safety and commercial grade components including pumps, valves, transformers, diesels, filters, tanks (vessels), and heat exchangers. 

Combustion equipment, when first commissioned, can be set to operate at its optimum efficiency. With time, however, there will be a deterioration due to blockage of air filters and breather holes, wear in valve linkages, etc. Such changes may have safety implications if gas-rich firing is a consequence. 

Over the years the performance standards of hydraulic equipment have risen. Whereas a pressure of about 1000 psi used to be adequate for industrial hydraulic systems, nowadays systems operating with pressures of 2000-3500psi are common. Pressures above 5000psi are to be found in applications such as large presses for which suitable high-pressure pumps have been developed. Additionally, systems have to provide increased power densities, more accurate response, better reliability and increased safety. Their use in numerically controlled machine tools and other advanced control systems creates the need for enhanced filtration. Full flow filters as fine as 1-10 micron retention capabilities are now to be found in many hydraulic systems. 

Safety. The MR is much safer than the MASR. (1) The reaction zone contains a much smaller amount of the reaction mixture (hazardous material), which always enhances process safety. (2) In case of pump failure, the reaction automatically stops since the liquid falls down from the reaction zone. (3) There is no need to filter the monolithic catalyst after the reaction has been completed. Filtration of the fine catalysts particles used in slurry reactors is a troublesome and time-consuming operation. Moreover, metallic catalysts used in fine chemicals manufacture are pyrophoric, which makes this operation risky. In a slurry reactor there is a risk of thermal runaways. (4) If the cooling capacity is insufficient (e.g. by a mechanical failure) a temperature increase can lead to an increase in reaction, and thus heat generation rate. 

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