Onion allium extracts

The separation and identification of two novel anthocyanins from red onion, Allium cepa, have also been reported. Scales of 2.37 kg red onion were cut and extracted twice with methanol containing 0.5 per cent TFA. The extract was filtered, extracted with ethyl acetate and the aqueous phase was further purified in an ion-exchange and an SEC column. SEC separation was performed in a Sephadex LH-20 column (100 X 5 cm i.d.) applying methanol-water-TFA (39.6 60 0.4, v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 2.5 ml/min. 

The experiment with 0.5 g/mL of erode extracts of different parts of Allium plants (bulb, green leaf, white stalk) showed the inhibition of acrosin and trypsin activities, mostiy the red onion and garlic extracts. These results demonstrated that spermicidal effect of Allium extracts is determined also by their capacity of protease inhibition. The red onion extract shows the higher antioxidant capacity and a very low cytotoxicity. 

The micrographs obtained yiitkAPA assay show that treated spermatozoa with Allium extracts had low acrosin activity, especially the slides treated with garhc (Fig. 41.1a) and red onion extracts (data not shown). The untreated spermatozoa had protein-digested halos generated by acrosin activity on the gelatin substrate films (Fig. 41.1b). 

Trypsin inhibition activity was determined by measuring the decrease of trypsin activity in the presence of Allium extracts. The results obtained with different types of extracts (bulb, stalk, green leaf-0.5 g/iuL) are presented in Fig. 41.2. All determinations were carried out in triplicate. The higher inhibition activity was obtained with red onion bulb extract (18.55 0.14 Ul/min or 27.94 0.21 U/g fresh plants). Onion bulb extract shows also a high trypsin inhibition (18.48 0.035 UFmin, 27.83 0.053U/g), and all extracts of garlic (bulb, leaf and stalk) show activities between 11.05 1.615 - 13.185 0.205 Ul/min (16.64 2.42 - 19.86 0.31 U/g). 

Examination of moist, isolated potato cell walls using atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed the cellulose microfibrils as an interwoven network (Kirby et al., 1996,2006). Although accurate height measurements of cellulose microfibrils have not been obtained using AFM on potato cell walls, they have on similar parenchyma cell-wall preparations from onion (Allium cepa) and Arabidopsis thaliana (Davies and Harris, 2003). These studies showed that the microfibrils were 4-6 nm in diameter, and reduced to 3.2 nm (A. thaliana) when extracted to remove some of the non-cellulosic polysaccharides. 

As with selenocystine, the amino acid selenomethionine, CH3Se(CH2)2CH(NH2)COOH, is largely incorporated into proteins but has been found in the free form to some extent. Onions Allium cepa) which had been injected with radioactive selenite were reported to contain selenomethionine as were ethanol extracts of red clover, white clover and rye... 

Kuo, M.C. Ho, C.T. (1992) Volatile constituents of the solvent extracts of Welsh onions Allium fistulosum L. variety Maichuon) and scallions A. fistulosum L. variety Caespitosum). J. Agric. Food Chem. 40, 1906-1910. 

Allium cepa Allium cepa extract. See Onion (Allium cepa) extract... 

Allium cepa oil. See Onion (Allium cepa) oil Allium sativum Allium sativum extract. See Garlic (Allium sativum) extract Allium sativum oil. See Garlic (Allium sativum) oil... 

One-stage resin. See Phenolic resin Oniachlor. See Trichloroisocyanuric acid Onion (Allium cepa) extract CAS 8054-39-5 EINECS/ELINCS 232-498-2 Synonyms Allium cepa Allium cepa extract Onion extract... 

Onion extract. See Onion (Allium cepa) extract Onion oil. See Allyl propyl disulfide Onion (Allium cepa) oil ONP. See o-Nitrophenol ONT. See o-Nitrotoluene Onyx. See Quartz... 

Maidenhair fern (Adiantum capillus-veneris) extract Onion (Allium cepa) extract Pine (Pinus palustris) tar Piroctone olamine Potassium undecylenoyl hydrolyzed collagen Quaternium-51 Sage (Salvia officinalis) extract Selenium disulfide Sulfur TEA-undecenoyl hydrolyzed collagen Undecylenamide DEA Undecyleneth-6 Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) oil antidandruff agent, hair treatments Quaternium-51... 

Oleoresin parsley leaf Oleoresin parsley seed Oleoresin turmeric Olibanum (Bosweliia carterii) oil Onion (Allium cepa) oil Orange (Citrus aurantium dulcis) extract Orange (Citrus aurantium dulcis) flower oil Orange (Citrus aurantium dulcis) oil Orange oil, distilled Orange (Citrus aurantium dulcis) peel extract... 

Looking for the mechanisms of plant compounds extraction in aqueous solutions, we wanted to compare the behavior of carrot roots emd of onion Allium cepa L.) bulbs, the... 

Augusti, K. T. Chromatographic identification of certain sulfoxides of cysteine present in onion Allium cepa Linn.) extract. Curr. Sci. 45, 863 (1976). 

Benkeblia N (2004) Antimicrobial activity of essential oil extracts of various onions (Allium cepa) and garhc (Allium sativum). LWT- Food Sci Technol 37 263-268 Benkeblia N, Lanzotti V (2007) Allium thiosulfinates chemistry, biological properties and their potential utihzation in food preservation. Food 1(2) 193-201 Bianchini F, Vainio H (2001) Allium vegetables and organosulfur compounds do they help prevent cancer. Environ Health Perspect 109(9) 893-902 Block E (1985) The chemistry of garhc and onion. Sci Am 252 114-119... 

The genus Allium includes garlic and onions allium is derived from the Celtic word all, meaning pungent. In 1844, the German chemist Theodor Wertheim carried out steam distillation of garlic extracts and proposed the name allyl for the hydrocarbon group found in the oil [14] ... 

Se Speciation in Plants The presence of a number of volatile Se species was reported in edible allium plants such as garlic by GC-AES [79]. Selenomethionine, Se-methylselenocysteine, and y-glutamyl-Se-methyl-L-seleno cysteine were identibed in garlic and onion by HPLC-ICP-MS and ES-MS/MS [80]. Selenomethionine is the primary species found in all types of nuts (19D25 percent of the total Se) [30], sunBower [81], and mushrooms [36, 37], The distribution of Se among different fractions (lipid extract, low molecular weight, and protein fractions) of nuts and speciation analysis was studied [30]. Selenium was not detected in any of the lipid extracts obtained from the different types of nuts [30], Results obtained for Brazil nuts by SEC with on-line ICP-MS detection showed that approximately 12 percent of total Se was weakly bound to proteins [30],... 

Figure 21.4. Typical SEC proxies of NaOH extracts of onion leaves grown in the presence of Se. (a) Extract of Allium cepa leaves grown hydroponically in the presence of (1) Se(IV) and (2) Se(VI). UV detection, 280 nm (the elution of molecular weight standards marked in the upper part). Reproduced from reference [15] with permission from Elsevier. (b) Extract of Allium cepa leaves grown hydroponically in the presence of (1) Se(IV) and (2) Se(VI). ICP-MS detection, 82Se. Reproduced from reference [15] with permission from Elsevier, (c) Extract from Allium fistulosum grown in the presence of Se(IV) on the solid substrate, ICP-MS detection, 82Se (molecular weights estimated according to column calibration with molecular weights standards). Reproduced from reference [20] with permission from The Royal Society of Chemistry.

A large number of organic sulfur compounds have been detected in extracts or distillates prepared from garlic, onions, or other Allium species. This chemistry has been reviewed by Block. Polysulfanes have been detected in many of these preparations but most recent results show that fresh extracts of garlic, prepared under mild conditions (20 °C), did not show any polysulfanes R-S -R n > 2) when analyzed by RP-HPLC analysis. ... 

Calvey, E.M., Matusik, J.E., White, K.D., DeOrazio, R., Sha, D. and Block, E. (1997) Allium chemistry supercritical fluid extraction and LC-APCI-MS of thiosulfinates and related compounds from homogenates of garlic, onion, and ramp. Identification in garlic and ramp and synthesis of 1-propanesulfinothioic acid S-allyl ester. J. Agric. Food Chem. 45(11) 4405-4413. 

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