1,5 -ones, nitration

Quinolizinium salts, 2,4,6-trimethyl-condensation reactions, 2, 539 Quinolizinones reactions, 2, 544 synthesis, 2, 567 Quinolizinones, nitro-synthesis, 2, 568 Quinolizin-4-ones nitration, 2, 529 synthesis, 2, 565 2,2 -Quinolyl... 

For every molecule of nitric acid dissolved in water, one hydrogen ion and one nitrate ion are produced. 

Ans. You cannot write a complete equation for an unbalanced net ionic equation. [In part (a), for example, you might have one nitrate ion on the left and two on the right.] The complete equation for the balanced net ionic equation might be... 

The problem states that only one nitration product forms. Therefore,... 

The lanthanum complex (Scheme 9) has the coordination number nine with two NO3 ions bidentately bound in the solid state, while in solution only one nitrate group is coordinated. H2dapsox is symmetrically pentadentately coordinated in the a-oxyazine form (Scheme 9). 

Yet another hydrazine-based ligand, 2,6-diacetylpyridine bis(benzoic acid hydrazone) (dpbh 10) forms an interesting complex with La(N03)3 in which the coplanar penannular pentaden-tate dpbh coordinates together with three bidentate nitrate ions to give an 11-coordinated complex. One nitrate ion is disposed near the gap in the dpbh chain with the other two above and below the dpbh plane. Interatomic distances are La—N(ligand) = 2.769-2.790, La— O(ligand) = 2.507 and 2.560, and La—O(nitrate) = 2.563-2.648 A. 

Kunz et al. [79a] determined the heat of nitration of pulverized cellulose at 0°C with nitric acid. They found it be 61.6 cal per 1 g cellulose or 1.696 kcal per one nitrated OH group. 

Meissner [23], in a patent for the continuous nitration of cellulose suggests using several U-shaped nitrators coupled together. Cellulose is introduced to one of the nitrators, while another is fed with acid. By means of suitable stirrers it is possible to transfer the contents of one nitrator successively to the following nitrator. Acceptably uniform nitration is achieved by this system. 

A flow sheet of Biazzi s process installed at the Canadian Industries Ltd Calgary plant is given by Pennie (Ref 48). It is reproduced here The Biazzi s process can be used not only for the manuf of NG, NGc DEGDN but also for manuf of aromatic and aliphatic nitrocompds. For mono-nitration, only one nitrator is required for each installation.. This includes MNB, MNT, Methyl nitrate, etc. For higher degrees of nitration of... 

It has been established that the activity of both NR and NiR is induced by nitrate in plants (Rajasekhar Oelmuller, 1987), even if in a few species constitutive NR and NiR isoforms are found in addition to the inducible ones. Nitrate supply leads to an increase in the steady-state level of mRNA encoding NR in a variety of plant species and tissues (Cheng et al., 1986, 1991 Crawford et al., 1986 Smarrelli et al., 1987 Galangau et al., 1988 Gowri Campbell, 1989 Hamat et al., 1989 Hoff et al., 1991 Friemann et al., 1991). This in turn results in NR protein synthesis and increased activity, shortly after nitrate supply to the roots, and after a lag in leaves (Melzer et al., 1989). Where performed, nuclear runoff transcription assays have indicated that the high mRNA level results from increased transcriptional activity (Callaci Smarrelli, 1991 Lillo, 1991). 

Answer Procedures V-6, V-7 and XH-S. Procedures V 6 and V-7 insert a —N02 group directly onto an aromatic ring. However, if one nitrates nitrobenzene the major product is the meta isomer. Thus, the only other available method would be the use of procedure XiI-8. 

Nitration in two stages in one nitrator, The Griesheim (I, G, Farbenindustrie) process for the manufacture of dinitrobenzene differs from that of Hochst since in the latter the whole nitration starting from benzene is carried out in one cast iron nitrator of 8 m3 capacity. The nitrator is equipped with a stirrer, rotating at 110 r.p.m., a jacket having a cooling area of 8 m2 and a lead cooling coil of 16 m2 area. 

For easy control the nitration process is divided into 3 stages (1) mononitration, (2) dinitration and (3) trinitration. All are effected in one nitrator. The acid required is therefore added in three portions, their weights being in the ratio of 80 80 100. 

Interaction of the nitrate ion with lanthanide(III) in acetonitrile solution was studied by conductivity, vibrational spectroscopy and luminescence spectroscopy. Bidentate nitrate with approximate C2V local symmetry was detected. FT-IR spectral evidence for the formation of [La(N03)5]2, where La = Nd, Eu, Tb and Er with coordination number 9.9 has been obtained [128]. Two inequivalent nitrate ions bound to lanthanides were detected by vibrational spectroscopy. The inequivalent nature varied with different lanthanides. For example three equivalent nitrate groups for La and Yb, one nitrate different from the other two for Eu ion were detected. Vibrational spectral data point towards strong La-NC>3 interaction in acetonitrile [129]. Stability constants for lanthanide nitrate complexes are given in Table 4.10. 

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