Nitrator, continuous

Among the properties sought in the solvent are low cost, avadabihty, stabiUty, low volatiUty at ambient temperature, limited miscibility in aqueous systems present in the process, no solvent capacity for the salts, good solvent capacity for the acids, and sufficient difference in distribution coefficient of the two acids to permit their separation in the solvent-extraction operation. Practical solvents are C, C, and alcohols. For industrial process, alcohols are the best choice (see Amyl alcohols). Small quantities of potassium nitrate continue to be produced from natural sources, eg, the caUche deposits in Chile. 

After this the agitation was set at 100RPM and the temp raised to about 80°C. Mixed acid (220 lbs) of the same compn as above was slowly added and the nitration continued for 1 hr, 45 mins at 80—83°C... 

Cellulose nitrate continues to be used in fine lacquers and automotive coatings. The nitrates are easy to produce, and simple mixtures with other polymers and plasticizers are readily formulated. Their use depends on the DS, which is detemuned via nitrogen content. The target-DS is adjusted via the water content maintained in the reaction mixture (O Fig. 19). Cellulose nitrates of low DS (10.9 to 11.7% nitrogen) provide for solubility in a range of organic solvents, and derivatives with high DS are used for gun cotton. 

Industrial methods of mono-nitration of benzene and toluene Removal of phenolic by-produets Periodic nitration Continuous nitration... 

The hexamine, dried and sifted is fed into the first nitrator with a constant feeding rate, Tiic nitric acid is fed from a constant level overhead tank. The feeding rate is regulated by the remote control of a pneumatic valve. The contents of the first nitrator continuously over How into the second and then to the third (last) nitrator. 

When using water resources for a public supply of drinking water, the greatest danger lies in an emergency excess of nitrates. In many basins the content of nitrates has doubled within the last 20-25 years. If this development of pollution with nitrates continues there is a possibility of deterioration of all sources of drinking waters within several decades. 

At Griesheim (I. G. Farbenindustrie) benzene is nitrated continuously with mixed acid, using two nitrators in series. All the materials are introduced into the first vessel. The second unit receives the overflow and serves as a finishing nitrator. Sudhoff, C.LO.S.i Rept. XXIV-18, Item 22 (Combined Intelligence Objectives Sub-Committee). 

Diagnostic Appiications. The binding characteristics of cellulose nitrate membranes have led to their use in numerous biosensor applications, such as in an electrochemical microbial biosensor for EtOH (85) and in glucose oxidase based glucose sensors (86). Cellulose nitrate continues to play an important role in the development of new biosensors as both a solid support and a method for removal of unboimd reagents (87-93). 

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