Oncogene Classification

However, it is obvious that the FDA approach is a generalized toxicity classification and cannot supply the answers to questions such as, what are the metabolites and which compounds will be teratogens, mutagens or oncogens. Although the FDA approach has built its foundation on a broad data base, it does not narrow its spectrum to a precise toxicological response or mode of action. 

Giordano TJ, Kuick R, Thomas DG, et al. Molecular classification of papillary thyroid carcinoma distinct BRAF, RAS, RET/ PTC mutations-specific gene expression profiles discovered by DNA microarray analysis. Oncogene. 2005 24 6646-6656. 

CD117 AND C-KIT GENE The classification and diagnosis of GISTs radically changed with the recognition of the c-kit proto-oncogene mutation as the key molecular event... 

In the formation of oncogenes, depending on the action of still other viruses, or helper viruses, the end result will be either a solid tumor or a blood-related cancer such as leukania. In turn, solid tumors may be classified as carcinomas or sarcomas, depending on what kind of body tissue is involved. Furthermore, cancerous cells mimic the normal cells from which they originated, resulting in the classification of more than 100 different kinds of cancer, with some figures above 300, or even as many as 600 different kinds. 

How can some p53 mutations lead to its classification as a tumor-suppressor/recessive oncogene, and other p53 mutations result in it being labeled a dominant oncogene ... 

The complexity of oncogenic process, involving somatic multiple mutations coupled with variability in the host s genetic constitution, produces a disease of enormous complexity. That is why Nevins et al. believe that 100 breast cancer patients may represent 100 distinct diseases [47]. The concept of each tumor as an individual was documented during the classification of breast carcinomas, because repeated samplings of the same tumor, either before and after chemotherapy or as a tumor-metastasis pair, were found to have much more similarity to each other than to any other tumor studied [49]. Furthermore, different foci in an individual may have distinct profiles and clonally related tumors in the same individual can show different expression patterns owing to divergent histories [50]. 

Of note is the acute toxicity of flusulfamide on mammals (LD50 180 mg kg for male rats [52], 132 mg kg for female rats [52], 245-254 mg kg for mice), leading to a classification in WHO toxicity class II (moderately hazardous). However, it did not show mutagenic, teratogenic, reproductive or oncogenic effects. Studies on the translocation of flusulfamide from soil to cabbage and turnip plants showed almost no translocation. Since the compound accumulates neither in the soil nor in mammals any potential toxicological effect to the consumers and the environment is very low [51]. 

Classification Etiological agents Oncogenic viruses Recombinant DNA molecules Containment techniques Decontamination Disposal... 

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