Oncogenic process

The complexity of oncogenic process, involving somatic multiple mutations coupled with variability in the host s genetic constitution, produces a disease of enormous complexity. That is why Nevins et al. believe that 100 breast cancer patients may represent 100 distinct diseases [47]. The concept of each tumor as an individual was documented during the classification of breast carcinomas, because repeated samplings of the same tumor, either before and after chemotherapy or as a tumor-metastasis pair, were found to have much more similarity to each other than to any other tumor studied [49]. Furthermore, different foci in an individual may have distinct profiles and clonally related tumors in the same individual can show different expression patterns owing to divergent histories [50]. 

The ancient JAK/STAT/MAPK complex serves as a cell survival pathway , when temporarily activated the constitutively activated pathway transforms the cell to immortality, with the eventual demise of its host. However, small molecular inhibitors already exist (vide supra), that may reverse the oncogenic process the constitutively activated oncogene or its oncoprotein (including the overproduction of type I IFNs) may be de-activated (vide infra). 

The streptovaricins inhibit the reverse transcriptase of some RNA oncogenic vimses that may be involved in the process of viral transformation (see Antiviral agents). The atropisostreptovaricins again have similar activities to the corresponding natural isomers. The streptovals and streptovarone exhibit gready improved activity against reverse transcriptase relative to the streptovaricins (85), but their in vitro activities were low (86). The damavaricins also inhibit reverse transcriptase (4) as well as tumor cell growth (87). 

Goldman, D. S., Kiessling, A. A., and Cooper, G. M. (1988). Post-transcriptional processing suggests that c-mos functions as a maternal message in mouse eggs. Oncogene 3 159-162. 

Since then, a plethora of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins has been discovered. Originally, tyrosine phosphorylation was believed to be involved primarily in regulating cell proliferation, since many oncogene products and growth factor receptors are protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs). However, it has become clear that tyrosine phosphorylation is involved in regulating a variety of cellular processes. In fact, the nervous system contains a large variety of PTKs and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), and some of these are exclusively expressed in neuronal tissues. Figure 24-1 shows the... 

Since a monoclonal antibody is a fusion product of a malignant mouse cell and an antibody-producing cell, there is some concern about the safety of the production process itself (Petricciani, 1983). Methods for the production of monoclonal antibodies raise two general safety issues (1) the theoretical risk of transferring in the product factors associated with malignancy (e.g., oncogene factors) and (2) the use of animals for antibody production that are known to harbor a number of microbial agents some of which can produce diseases in humans. 

Bruzzoni-Giovanelli, H., et al., Siah-1 inhibits cell growth by altering the mitotic process. Oncogene, 1999,... 

---