Genetic constitution

Recombinant DNA technology now verges on the ability to engineer at will the genetic constitution of organisms for desired ends. The commercial production of therapeutic biomolecules in microbial cultures is already established (for example, the production of human insulin in quantity in E. coli cells). Agricultural crops with desired attributes, such as enhanced resistance to her-... 

Clone, identical cells (with respect to genetic constitution) derived from a single cell by asexual reproduction. Receptors can be cloned into cells by inserting a gene into the cell line a colony of cells results that are identical and all have the expressed receptor. 

The genetic constitution of an organism, which it has inherited from its parents. The genotype refers to the particular combination of alleles at specified loci present in an organism homozygous individuals have identical alleles and heterozygous individuals have different alleles. 

In most organisms, the basic unit of nuclear DNA is a double-stranded molecule derived from those of both its ancestors, the father and the mother. The information it carries provides clues, therefore, not only to the genetic constitution of the organism but also on the characteristics it shares with its ancestors. 

Heredity 1. The genetic transmission of a particular quality or trait from parent to offspring. 2. The genetic constitution of an individual. [EU]... 

Genotype The genetic constitution of the individual the characterization of the genes, [nih] Germ Cells The reproductive cells in multicellular organisms, [nih]... 

Just as some of us were never destined for trance, so some of us were not cut out for transcendence. What this means is that the zones of the state space that we can or can t enter are more or less accessible on an individual basis. And that individual basis—like long and short sleep, high and low energy, logical and analogical cognition—is both genetic-constitutional-trait bound, as well as environmental-cultural-state determined. 

Although for a variety of reasons extrapolation from experimental animals to humans presents problems, including differences in metabolic pathways, dermal penetration, mode of action, and others, experimental animals present numerous advantages in testing procedures. These advantages include the possibility of clearly defined genetic constitution and their amenity to controlled exposure, controlled duration of exposure, and the possibility of detailed examination of all tissues following necropsy. 

Manifested by a large excess of numbers of chromosomes Description of the genetic constitution of that individual All observable properties of an individual as determined by both its genetic makeup and environmental factors to which it has been exposed. An accurate description of the complete set of genes What are the meanings of reversal and excision as applied to damage to DNA ... 

Fourthly, in view of the preceding 3 major weaknesses in the model, it is not surprising that the results obtained with it differ markedly from much previous work on age, sex and genetic constitution. 

Tolerance has normally been demonstrated to be dominant, either completely or partially. This is the situation expected from evolutionary theory (see below). There has been some confusion in the literature about whether tolerance is always dominant, or whether dominance can be variable. The first point to make is that dominance is not a property of genes, but is highly environment-dependent the environment includes both the physical environment and the genomic environment. We would thus expect dominance to vary both with the testing environment of the plants, and with their genetic constitution. Figure 3-2 illustrates the possible effects of the testing... 

GENOTYPE The genetic constitution of an organism the specific genes possessed by an organism. (See also PHENOTYPE)... 

Interspecies and interindividual variability in drug metabolism is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. The basal rate of drug metabolism in a particular individual is determined primarily by genetic constitution, but also varies with age, gender, and environmental factors such as diet, disease states, and concurrent use of other drugs. 

Bacteria can obtain the various types of resistance mechanisms described previously by undergoing modifications in their genetic constitution. Many bacteria simply inherit their resistance genes from their forerunners. In addition, genetic mutations can occur that can confer a new trait. For example, it has been estimated that bacteria undergo spontaneous mutation at a frequency of approximately 1 in 10 cells. These mutations can confer resistant traits to the subsequent progeny. Mutations are believed... 

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