Oleo alcohol

HD-Eutanol V PH Ocenoh, ds-9-octadecen-l-ol oleic alcohol oleo alcohol oleol. 

Fatty acid methyl esters play a major role in the oleochemical industry. Methyl esters have increasingly replaced fatty acids as starting materials for many oleo-chemicals. They are used as chemical intermediates for a number of oleochemicals, such as fatty alcohols, alkanolamides, a-sulfonated methyl esters, and many more. One other potential use of methyl esters is as a substitute for diesel oil (14). Methyl esters are clean burning with no sulfur dioxide emission. Although the heat of combustion is shghtly lower, there is no engine adjustment necessary and there is no loss in efficiency. 

The chemical products stemming from native fats and oils can be classified in different classes of oleo-base chemicals fatty acids, alcohols, esters, and specialties, which are expanded in a range of products (Scheme 3.2). The basic chemicals are either used directly as raw materials or they form the basis for the production of specialties. 

White Pine. Deal pine Northern pine Weymouth pine, The dried inner bark of Pinus strobus L, Pinaceae. Constit. Conifer in glycoside, couiferyl alcohol, tannin, oleo-resin, volatile oils. 

Long-chain alcohols are produced both from oleo- and petrochemical feedstocks. The main oils and fats, which provide straight, even, and saturated or unsaturated chains, are coconut and palm kernel oil for C12-C14 fatty alcohols and tallow and palm oil for Cig-Cig alcohols. However, crude oil is used for the production of the synthetic fatty alcohol chains leading to mixtures of branched and odd alkyl chains. 

Glycerol, as a trihydroxylic alcohol, can form triesters with one, two or three different fatty acids. In the first case a triester is formed with three of the same acyl residues (e. g. tripalmitin P3). The mixed esters involve two or three different acyl residues, e. g., dipalmito-olein (P2O) and palmito-oleo-linolein (POL). The rule of this shorthand designation is that the acid with the shorter chain or, in the case of an equal number of carbons in the chain, the chain with fewer double bonds, is mentioned first. The Z number gives the possible different triacylglycerols which can occur in a fat (oil), where n is the number of different fatty acids identified in that fat (oil) ... 

Pontlanak pan-te- a- nak Manila type of semifossil copal obtained from Borneo. By reason of its alcohol solubility, it is used in spirit varnishes, but after running it becomes oil-soluble and is sometimes used in oleo-resinous varnishes. 

The natural oleochemicals are obtained from natural oils with the least change in the structure of the carbon chain fraction. In contrast, synthetic oleochemicals are built up from ethylene to the desired carbon chain fraction or from oxidation of petroleum waxes. Fats and oils are renewable products of nature. One can aptly call them oil from the sun where the sun s energy is biochemically converted to valuable oleochemicals via oleo-chemistry. Natural oleochemicals derived from natural fats and oils by splitting or trans-esterification, such as fatty acids, methyl esters, and glycerine are termed basic oleochemicals. Fatty alcohols and fatty amines may also be counted as basic oleochemicals, because of their importance in the manufacture of derivatives (6). Further processing of the basic oleochemicals by different routes, such as esterification, ethoxylation, sulfation, and amidation (Fig. 12.1), produces other oleochemical products, which are termed oleochemical derivatives. 

About 60% of the fatty alcohols produced in 2006 were oleo based and this is expected to grow to about 65% by 2011. Oleochemical alcohols are particularly competitive in Asia due to the abundance of palm and coconut oils [39]. The consumption of cationic surfactants made by the various processes is shown in Table 2.2, and the impact of ester quats for fabric softening is clearly reflected in the numbers for cationics made via the fatty acid route. 

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