Oleic acid, olein

Patel, D.C. Chang, Y. Penetration Enhancement with Binary System of Oleic Acid, Oleins, and Oleyl Alcohol with Lower Alcohols. US Patent 4,863,970, September 5, 1989. 

Olefinketon, n, olefinic ketone, olefin ketone, Olein-saure,/, oleic acid, -saureseife, -seife,/. olein soap, red-oil soap, -schmdlze,/, (Tea> tiles) olein softener, olein emulsion, olen, v.t. oil lubricate, grease. 

Two segments of the some fixed bed reactor were used, with dehydration of the reactional medium on molecular sieve between each of them. With oleic acid, and an excess of 3 moles of glycerol per mole of acid, the yield was 44.7 % (molar) of monoolein after 2 hours. At the same time, only 2 % of di-olein were obtained (Fig. 6.). 

The saponifiable portion of the fatty oil accounts for about 90% of the total fixed oil and is characterized by a very high content of octadecenoic acids. Petroselinic and oleic acid occur at similar levels and jointly comprise 74-85%, linoleic 7-16% and palmitic 4-8%, of the constituent fatty acids. During prolonged storage of the spice, the free fatty acid content gradually increases and this is a good indicator of the age of the material. The contents of fatty acids, sterols and total tocopherols in a deodorized oil derived from coriander seeds (yield up to 28%) are compared with those in sunflower oil and tests on the biological effects of coriander oil are reported by Mironova et al. (1991). Of the fatty acids present, total C18 1 acids (petroselinic acid + oleinic acids) constituted 80—82% and petroselinic acid alone 50—60%, and the food value was lower than that of sunflower oif. Kim et al. (1996) found the production of petroselinic acid from cell suspension cultures of C. Sativum. 

High Cl6 0 Palm oil or fraction present palm oil and palm olein is also likely to raise oleic acid, while stearin is not so likely to do so... 

Palmitic Acid Oils The commodity oil richest in palmitic acid is pahn oil (44%). This oil is also rich in oleic acid (37%), contains lower levels of linoleic acid (10%), and is a valuable source of minor components, especially carotenes, toco-pherols, and tocotrienols (Section 3). Palm oil is an important world commodity in feeding the developing world. It is fractionated extensively to give a wider range of uses as palm olein and palm stearin. The only other commodity oil with a significant level of palmitic acid is cottonseed oil (27%). 

Oils with higher iodine value (normally 53, raised to 63) contain less palmitic acid and more oleic acid. When fractionated, they produce more of the valuable olein fraction (Section 5). 

Derivation Alcoholysis of olein or esterification of oleic acid with butanol. 

Stearin and olein, which are crude stearic and oleic acids obtained by hydrolysis of oils with water at about 270°C, may also be used. 

Triolein, 9-Octadecenoic acid 1,2,3-propanetriyt ester olein glyceryl trioleate. C57ll]WOfe mo] wt 885.40. C 77.32%, H 11.84%, O 10.84%. One of the chief constituents of nondrying oils and fats. From Palestine olive oil Hil-ditch, Madison, J. Soc. Chem. I nil. 60, 258 (1941) from cacao butter Meara, J. Chem. Soc. 1949, 2154. Prepn by esterification of oleic acid Wheeler etal. J. Biol. Chem. 132, 687 (1940) Swicklik ei al, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 32, 69 (19S5). Synthesis Serebrennikova et at. DokL Akad. Nauk SSSR 140, 1083 (1961). 

Cl and Br under ordinary pressure attack oleic acid with formation of products of substitution. If oleic acid be heated with an excess of caustic potassa to 200° (392° F.), it is decomposed into palmitic and acetic acids CisHjiOi -I- 2KHO = CuHnOjK -i-CjHsOjK -1- Hj a reaction which is utilized industrially to obtain hard soaps, palmitates, from olein, which itself only forms soft soaps. Cold HjSOi dissolves oleic acid, and deposits it unaltered... 

Palm oil contains almost equal proportions of saturated (palmitic 48%, stearic 4%, and myristic 1%) and unsaturated acids (oleic 37% and linoleic 10%). The oil can be fractionated to give palm stearin, palm olein, and palm mid fraction. It is used mainly for food purposes but has some nonfood uses. Valuable by-products obtained from palm oil are carotene, tocopherols and tocotrienols (vitamin E), and palm-fatty acid distillate (PFAD). Palm kernel oil is lauric oil, similar in composition to coconut oil (lauric acid 50% and myristic acid 16%) and contains palmitic acid (8%), capric acid (3%), caprilic acid (3%), stearic acid (2.5%), oleic acid (15%), and linoleic acid (2.5%). ... 

Crude pahn kernel oil (CPKO) which is derived from the kernel of the oil palm fruit consists of large amounts of saturated fatty acids such as lauric acid (C12 0) [ 48 %], myristic acid (C14 0) [ 16 %], and palmitic acid (C16 0) [ 8 %] (Loo et al. 2005). However, the concentration of unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic (C18 2) [ 2 %] is very low. It contrast, palm oil products derived from mesocarp such as crude palm oil (CPO) and palm olein (PO) are mainly composed of C16 0 and contain more unsaturated fatty adds such as oleic acid (C18 l), (C18 2) and trace quantities of Hnolenic add (C18 3) (Loo et al. 2005). Compared to palm oil products, soybean oil is rich in unsaturated fatty adds with C18 2 (54 %), C18 l (22 %), and C18 3 (8 %) as the major constituents while 10 % of the distributions are contributed from saturated fatty adds (Kahar et al. 2004 Loo et al. 2005). Nevertheless, soybean oil has proven to be a good carbon source for high cell density cultures. Since, CPKO contains lesser unsatuiated fatty adds, it conld become potential carbon feedstock for high cell density PHA prodnction. 

Experiments (60) were carried out in which oleic acid, 1-mono-olein,... 

These mixtures at 5, 10, and 15 mM total concentration were incubated in a 20 mM solution of sodium taurocholate-sodium taurodeoxycholate. The critical micellar concentration of this system should be 2-4 mM. All mixtures at 5 mM were clear micellar solutions. At 10 and 15 mM, samples containing oleic acid were turbid, with oil droplets of oleic acid present. Those containing chiefiy oleic acid, but some mono-olein, were faintly opalescent, indicating large aggregates, possibly very large micelles, or liquid crystalline aggregates. 

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