Mono-olein

The simplest kinetic model applied to describe lipase catalyzed reactions is based on the classic Michaelis-Menten mechanism [10] (Table 3). To test this model Belafi-Bakd et al. [58] studied kinetics of lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of tri-, di-, and mono-olein separately. All these reactions were found to obey the Michaelis-Menten model. The apparent parameters (K and V ) were determined for global hydrolysis. 

Many single-chain amphiphiles form cubic phases when added to water in a given composition. Two of the most well known are didodecyl-phosphatidyl ethanolamine, and mono-olein. Figure 9.18 shows some idealized bicontinous cubic structures of the former, including typical inverse ones. This is also highly viscous and optically transparent as are most of the other cubic phases. 

Aldo MO Atlas G-695 Capmul GMO glycerol-1-oleate glyceryl mono-oleate Kessco GMO Ligalub monolein Monomuls 90-018 mono-olein a-mono-olein glycerol Peceol Priolube 1408 Stepan GMO Tegin. 

Ganem-Quintanar A, Quintanar-Guerro D, Burri P. Mono-olein a review of the pharmaceutical applications. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2000 26(8) 809-820. 

Experiments (60) were carried out in which oleic acid, 1-mono-olein,... 

These mixtures at 5, 10, and 15 mM total concentration were incubated in a 20 mM solution of sodium taurocholate-sodium taurodeoxycholate. The critical micellar concentration of this system should be 2-4 mM. All mixtures at 5 mM were clear micellar solutions. At 10 and 15 mM, samples containing oleic acid were turbid, with oil droplets of oleic acid present. Those containing chiefiy oleic acid, but some mono-olein, were faintly opalescent, indicating large aggregates, possibly very large micelles, or liquid crystalline aggregates. 

Fig. 12. Solubility and behavior at 37°C of mixtures of oleic acid (HA), sodium oleate (A ), and mono-olein (MG) the experimental design is as indicated in Fig. 11. Solid black line separates dispersions of large aggregates from dispersions of micellar size—turbid dispersions from clear dispersions. In 150 misi NaCl, fatty acid is present as oil droplets (black with white stippling) and mono-olein as a nondispersed liquid crystalline phase (horizontal hatching) or a viscous water-in-oil emulsion (cross-hatching). Increased ratios of sodium oleate result in a dispersed phase (white with black stippling), and at 10 and 15 mM sodium oleate alone is present in micellar form. In bile salt, fatty acid is also present as oil droplets (black with white stippling), and at higher concentrations mono-olein and fatty acid form a dispersed liquid crystalline phase (white with dots). In 20 mM bile salt, most of the lipid mixtures are now present in micellar solution (clear). From Hofmann (60), with the publisher s permission.

Figure 5.9 Binary phase diagrams of commercial distilled saturated monoglycerides (a) and distilled unsaturated monoglycerides (b) in water. The saturated monoglycerides are made from hydrogenated lard and contain approx. 65% monostearin and 30% monopalmitin. The unsaturated monoglycerides are made from sunflower oil and contain 21% mono-olein, 68% monolinolein and 11% saturated (CiJCis) monoglycerides.

Recently Longley and McIntosh (1983) reported that mono-olein-water forms a cubic phase with a primitive lattice. They gave convincing evidence for a structure consisting of a lipid bilayer forming an IPMS, as discussed above, which separates two... 

There are three fundamental IPMS structures with cubic symmetry. One is the body-centred lattice shown in Fig. 8.11 and another is the primitive diamond lattice proposed for mono-olein at high water content (Longley and McIntosh, 1983). The third is the so-called gyroid (Shoen, 1970) which is also body-centred with space-group number 214. This IPMS separates two helical labyrinths with... 

The melting point of the most stable forms of 1-mono-olein and 1-monoelaidin, which are j8-forms, are 35.0 °C and 58.5 °C respectively. When 1-monoolein solidifies from the melt, a thermotropic liquid-crystalline phase with lamellar structure is formed as a metastable transition state. 

Figure 8.46 Phase diagram according to Lutton (1966) and Krog et al. (1984) of mono-olein-water. The broken line indicates the transition between the two cubic phases at low temperatures.

Figure 8.47 Main features of the phase diagram 2-mono-olein-water (Ljusberg-Wahren etaL, 1983).

The phase diagram of mono-olein is given in Fig. 8.46, where the occurrence of the two cubic phases (see Section 8.2) is indicated. It is also of interest to compare this phase diagram with that of 2-mono-olein indicated in Fig. 8.47. All monoglycerides of the aqueous systems discussed above consist of an equilibrium mixture of about 90% (w/w) of the 1-isomer and 10% of the 2-isomer owing to the rapid... 

Figure 8.63 Phase diagram illustrating the main regions of the system mono-olein-water-lysozyme (Ericsson etal., 1983).

It has been known for a long time that mono-olein and lysolecithin have strong fusogenetic effects on membranes. The cubic phase of mono-olein has been discussed above lysolecithin systems also exhibit cubic phases (Arvidson et aL, 1985). It is therefore tempting to assume that fusion is induced by local occurrence in the membrane of the cubic structure which is a bilayer in a three-dimensional arrangement. Cubic tube systems connecting planar lipid bilayers have in fact been observed (Harbich et aL, 1978). The occurrence of an isotropic phase has also been demonstrated in connection with mono-olein-induced fusion (Tilcock and Fisher, 1982). 

Monoamine derivatives of fatty acids, 320 Monoclinic chain packing, 323 Monoclonal theory of smooth muscle proliferation, 539 Monoene acids and esters, 3, 273 see also individual compounds Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, 35,314,491, 492, 515, 516, 523,384 Monoglucosyldiacylglycerol, 35 Monolayers, 338-41, 356, 380 Monolaurin, 362-64 Monomeric acids, 174 Monomyristin, 340 Mono-olein, 328, 364,382,384 Monoperoxymaleic add, 460 Monoperoxyphthalic acid, 460 Monoperoxysuccinic acid, 460 Monophytanylglycerol, 27 Monostearin, 333 Montanic acid, 1 Monotropic polymorphism, 325 MONSAVON process, 241 Mormon cricket, 145 Morphine, 80 see also Poppy seed oil Mouse, 144 Mowrah butter, 72 MS-API, 434 MS applications, 436 Mwcor lipids, 152,153, 478... 

See also first two references above. a-Mono-olein (Glycerol l-ofea[Pg.833]

Fig. 137. Separation of isomeric monoglycerides and detection of )5-mono-glyceridfes in the human intestine [60]. Adsorbent hydroxylapatite solvent methyl isobutyl ketone temperature + 10° C time of run 1 h spray reagent molybdophosphoric acid in ethanol solution amounts 10 jxg of each. 1 artificial mixture of the compounds 2, 3 and 4 2 a-monoolein 3 )5-mono-olein 4 oleic acid 5 lipids from the intestinal contents 6 artificial mixture of the compounds 2, 3 and 4...

---