Oil recycle process

Texaco gasification is based on a combination of two process steps, a liquefaction step and an entrained bed gasifier. In the liquefaction step the plastic waste is cracked under relatively mild thermal conditions. This depolymerisation results in a synthetic heavy oil and a gas fraction, which in part is condensable. The noncondensable fraction is used as a fuel in the process. The process is very comparable to the cracking of vacuum residues that originate from oil recycling processes. 

Benson HE, Field JH, Bienstock D, Nagel RR, Brunn LW, Hawk CO, Crowell JH, Storch HH. Development of the Fischer-Tropsch Oil-Recycle Process. U.S. Bureau of Mines Bulletin 1957. Vol. 568. p 72. 

Solids other an activated carbon can be used for sorption of contaminants from liquid wastes. These include synthetic resins composed of organic polymers and mineral substances. Of the latter, clay is employed to remove impurities from waste lubricating oils in some oil recycling processes. 

The initial use was as a blow moulded vessel for vegetable oil candles. However, because of its biodegradability it is of interest for applications where paper and plastics materials are used together and which can, after use, be sent into a standard paper recycling process. Instances include blister packaging (the compound is transparent up to 3 mm in thickness), envelopes with transparent windows and clothes point-of-sale packaging. 

Consider the oil-recycling plant shown in Fig. 3.16. In this plant, two types of waste oil are handled gas oil and lube oil. The two streams are first deashed and demetallized. Next, atmospheric distillation is used to obtain light gases, gas oil, and a heavy product. The heavy product is distilled under vacuum to yield lube oil. Both the gas oil and the lube oil should be further processed to attain desired properties. The gas oil is steam stripped to remove light and sulfur impurities, then hydrotreated. The lube oil is dewaxed/deasphalted using solvent extraction followed by steam stripping. 

The opportunities to remove mineral oil in processing of paper for recycling. 

Rubber reclaiming, 27 473 476, 784—785. See also Rubber recycling oils and processing aids for, 27 472t Rubber recycling, 27 461—480, 784—785. See also Rubber reclaiming asphalt modification, 27 467—469 civil engineering market for,... 

The mobile PPM process treats polychlorinated biphenyl- (PCB-) contaminated oU at ambient temperatures and pressures and results in a clean, recyclable oil, according to the vendor. PPM Canada, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of USPCI, was founded in 1983 to provide PCB destruction methods. According to the vendor, while the process has been used extensively for PCB-contaminated oil, the process is still in development for soils and is not commercially available. Safety-Kleen Corporation has since bought out USPCI. The process was developed for Union Pacific Railroads. All information is from the vendor and has not been independently verified. 

Table V shows the salient features of several Fischer-Tropsch processes. Two of these—the powdered catalyst-oil slurry and the granular catalyst-hot gas recycle—have not been developed to a satisfactory level of operability. They are included to indicate the progress that has been made in process development. Such progress has been quite marked in increase of space-time yield (kilograms of C3+ per cubic meter of reaction space per hour) and concomitant simplification of reactor design. The increase in specific yield (grams of C3+ per cubic meter of inert-free synthesis gas) has been less striking, as only one operable process—the granular catalyst-internally cooled (by oil circulation) process—has exceeded the best specific yield of the Ruhrchemie cobalt catalyst, end-gas recycle process. The importance of a high specific yield when coal is used as raw material for synthesis-gas production is shown by the estimate that 60 to 70% of the total cost of the product is the cost of purified synthesis gas.

Foreseeable improvements that will increase operability and decrease operating costs of Fischer-Tropsch processes are the development for the fluidized-iron process of a catalyst that will not accelerate the reaction 2CO = C02 + C and will not be appreciably oxidized during the steady-state life of the catalyst and the development of a more active and mechanically stable catalyst for the oil-circulation process so as further to reduce Ci + C2 production. The hot-gas recycle process could be made operable by use of a catalyst that will be less active but more resistant to thermal shock which occurs during regeneration to remove carbon deposits, and during operation at lower end-gas recycle rates. The powdered catalyst-oil slurry process recently has been satisfactorily operated in a pilot plant by K6lbel and Ackerman (21). Although the space-time yield in this operation was low (10 to 20 kg. of C3+ per cubic meter of slurry per hour), the Ci + C2 production was less than one third of that... 

Still, the demand for recycled plastics is low, mainly due to a general uncertainty of the quality of the recycled material. The possibility of offering high quality recycled polymeric materials relays on a reliable and selective collection and sorting, an efficient recycling process and of course an available end-market. The basic technological development, thus, lies in the development of fast, reliable and relatively cheap methods for characterisation of separated and commingled plastic fractions. Recently, it was demonstrated that separation, at home, of a very small amount of products can mean a decreased use of raw oil and less emission of CO2 to the environment [11]. If... 

The first stock run was SRC filter feed obtained from the Pittsburg and Midway Coal Company SRC pilot plant at Ft. Lewis, Washington. This contains all of the recycle process solvent, ash, and unconverted coal. The stock was filtered prior to hydrotreating. (Table I compares inspections of the filter feed and filtrate.) Filtration upgraded the oil portion of the stock. 

Direct coal liquefaction (DCL) refers to the process of converting coal to liquid products by mixing ground coal with a recycled process solvent and/or petroleum-derived residual oil and reacting the slurry in a hydrogen atmosphere at 750-850°F (400-450°C) and 1000-2500 psig (7-17 MPa). Under these conditions, the coal structure breaks down into... 

The chemical recycling of waste plastics consists of two processes the first is the degradation of waste plastics for the production of heavy oils, and the second is a catalytic cracking process that converts the heavy oils into useful hydrocarbons. To achieve these recycling goals, it remains necessary to develop efficient chemical recycling processes that can operate in a steam atmosphere. 

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