Oil percentage

Besides the traditional genetic selection for good agronomic properties such as yield, disease resistance and morphology, oilseeds have also been selected for oil percentage, fatty acid composition and the absence of undesirable or toxic factors. 

In soybeans both the oil and meal protein are very important to the value of the seed. Increased oil is usually coupled with decreased protein. Under present circumstances, there is more profit in increasing soybean protein while minimizing any decrease in oil (Greiner, 1990). 

In Brassica and safflower, increases in seed oil and protein percentages have been achieved by selecting lines with decreased hull content (Knowles, 1989 Downey and Robbelen, 1989). 

It is not profitable to extract directly typical corn strains, which contain about 4.5% oil. Corn germ, which contains most of the oil in the seed, is extracted after separation by wet or dry milling. There has been con- 

Rapid non-destructive methods for measuring oil percentage based on nuclear magnetic resonance have made selection for oil percentage much simpler. Infrared reflectance and transmittance techniques can be used for both oil and protein percentages (Hammond, 1991). 

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SGP T TWSEC vise VISCL Vt VTGOl VTWO wc wd specific gravity of production water at system temperature T system temperature, °F time for water drop in oil phase to fall, s viscosity of liquid, gas or oil at system temperature T, cP viscosity of liquid or oil at system temperature T, cP terminal velocity of particle, ft/s particle velocity in oil phase, ft/s terminal velocity of water particle in the oil phase, ft/s BS W of treated desalter outlet crude oil, percentage by volume Barrels of dilution water per day mixed with the crude oil fluid upstream of the desalter... 

Wc = BS W of treated desalter outlet crude oil, percentage by volume... 

Protein and oil percentages are expressed at 13% moisture content based on whole kernel Perten DA 7200 diode array near-infrared measurements. 

Cold-pressed plant oils and refined plant oils from Polish markets were assessed for contents of sterol oxidation products. The content of oxyphytosterols in refined oils was 2 to 2.5 times higher than in cold-pressed oils. The 7-hydroxy-phytosterols and 7-keto-phytosterols epimers were the predominant compounds in cold-pressed oil, whereas epoxy derivatives were predominant compounds in refined oils. Percentage composition of oxyphytosterol fraction differed from the phytosterol percentage fraction (Figure 6.5) (Rudzinska et al., 2001). 

Originally, Lallemantia iberica was found in Asia (Syria, Israel, Iran, Iraq) and the Caucasus. Today, the crop also appears in Central and Southern Europe. In Germany, Austria, and Canada, its introduction was not successful probably due to the relatively wet climate conditions in these areas. The projected oilseed yields varied between 1300 and 1800 kg/ha. The oil percentage of the seeds varied between 34 and 38%, which is similar to the oil content of linseed (21). Table 1 compares the fatty... 

Sources Domestic sulphur recovered from crude oil Percentage 11% The anhydrite and pyrite (FeS ) based plants closed during the 1960s and 1970s... 

Besides changing the oil percentage and fatty acid composition of oilseeds, a number of other modifications by plant breeding have been considered. For soybeans, the economic impact of many of these changes have been analyzed (Greiner, 1990). 

Plants of this genus produce oils rich in short-chain esters (Graham, 1989 Kleiman, 1990 Knapp, 1990 Thompson et al., 1990 Knapp etal., 1991). Most interest has focused on these plants as potential producers of industrial oils, but there is no obvious barrier to their exploitation as edible oils to supplement the supplies of coconut and palm kernel oils. The oil percentages range from 16 to 42%, and a wide variety of short-chain (caproate to myristate) compositions are available. The potential of these species as oilseed crops in the northwestern section of the United States is being explored. 

Tobin also showed that raising the cod-liver oil percentage in the vitamin E deficient diet caused an increase in acid-fast pigment in various tissues. Tobin and Birnbaum had previously shown that a brown degeneration... 

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