Oil cake

Fibre is the fundamental component of textiles and paper goods. It is woven, pressed, or bonded directly into various products including/a r/c5 or undergoes the interim step of being spun into yam. Fibres are commonly characterized by having a length at least 100 times their diameter. There are four distinct fibre categories  

Seeds are one source of vegetable fibres, oils, and protein. Oil-bearing seeds are mechanically squeezed in a seed expeller or the oil is extracted with a solvent leaving behind the pulp and fibre syn. seed cake, oil cake, or meal. Seed cake retains some oils as does the seed expeller. Common seed cakes include cottonseed, peanut, linseed, maize, palm, rape seed, rice bran, soy beans, and sunflower. 

Certain vegetable fibres are mentioned directly in the transportation regulations  

There are many reasons why animal, vegetable, or mineral oils are associated with fibre products  

Under appropriate circumstances the oils associated with fibres undergo oxidation and other reactions in the presence of air or through self-oxidation as they dry. These reactions can generate sufficient heat to cause the fibres (many of which are made of combustible materials and all of which have high relative surface area on which reactions can proceed) to reach the point of spontaneous combustion (linters present a particular risk of spontaneous 

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Lein-fimis, m. linseed varnish (thickened linseed oil), -kraut, n. toadflax, -kuchen, m. linseed cake, oil cake, -mehl, m. linseed meal. 

Sesam, m. sesame, -knorpel, m. sesamoid cartilage. -kuchen, m. sesame (oil) cake, -ol, n. sesame oil. -saat, /. sesame seed. Sesquiozyd, n. sesquioxide. 

It is also necessary to develop enzymatic trans-esterification processes that may find applications for waste material such as rape seed oil cake and for glycerol (propanediol, GTBE). 

The proximate analyses, mineral composition, digestibility coefficients and nutritive values of brassicas, by-products, grains, grasses, hays, legumes, oil cakes, root crops, seeds and silages are given in MAFF/ADAS (1971) Nutrient Allowances and Composition of Feedingstuffs for Ruminants (Advisory Paper No. 11). 

Kolf in 1890 for use as a smokeless proplnt, but also suitable as a blasting expl. It was prepd by nitration of residues from flour mills, starch and sugar plants, distilleries, breweries, etc. Oil cakes, moss, and pine needles were also nitrated. The resulting nitrated substances were treated under 5 atm press with sulfides or polysulfides, and then mixed with saltpeter previously saturated with Nitrobenzene Refs 1) Daniel (1902), 394 2) Fedoroff... 

OIL CAKE. The residue obtained after the expression of vegetable oils from oil-bearing seeds, used as cattle feed and fertilizer. 

Gorst (Ref 46, p 105) lists Predokhranitel nyi Ammonit contg AN 68, TNT 10, pine bark (or oil cake) flour 2 NaCl 20% Yaremenko Svetlov (Ref 47, p 162) give props, but no compns of Ammonit No 8 (ugol nyi), Ammonit PJV-20 (ugol nyi), Ammonit AP-1 (porodnyi),... 

Ammonit Predokhramtel nyi (Safety Ammonit). Accdg to Ref 88a, p 392, this current, commercial mining expl consists of AN 68, TNT 10, powd pine bark (or oil cake) 2 NaCl 20%. It has a density of 1.0— 1.05g/cc Brisance by LBCT 11mm (vs 16—17mm for TNT) Trauzl Test Value 240cc (vs 285 for TNT) and Detonation Velocity 2870m/sec (vs 6900 for TNT at d 1.59g/cc)... 

Safflower is a minor oilseed crop limited in production by environmental constraints and by the plant s spiny nature. Unless the seed is well dehulled, the oilcake resulting from oil extraction will have a high fiber content. Undecorticated oil cake has a protein content of 20-22% and an end use as manure. In contrast, removal of the hull improves the protein content to 40%, making it acceptable as cattle feed despite low lysine levels. Leftover hulls and husks are added to cattle feed or are used to manufacture cellulose, insulation, and abrasives (5, 49). 

Palm Kernel Cake. Palm kernel cake (PKC) protein is of average quality, which, at a level of 19%, is the lowest of the commercial oil cakes. The positive characteristics of PKC are a valuable calcium to phosphorous ratio, a 48% carbohydrate level, a 5% oil content, and a 13% fiber content (54). 

A typical analysis of refined cottonseed oil indicates the composition of the acids present as glycerides to be as follows linoleic acid 39.3% oleic acid 33.1% palmitic acid 19.1% stearic acid 1.9% arachidic acid 0.6%, andmyristic acid 0.3%. Also present are small quantities of phospholipid, phytosterols, and pigments. The toxic polyphenolic pigment gossypol is present in raw cottonseed and in the oil cake remaining after expression of oil it is not found in the refined oil. 

Linseed cake, castor oil cake, olive press cake, sunflower cake (Laufenberg et al., 2001)... 

Acceptable yields on olive press cake and castor oil cake, d- and c-decalactone are produced... 

Cottonseed, meal, cake Vegetable oil cake and meal, except cottonseed Salt... 

Cottonseed oil cake and meal 47 Vegetable and nut cake and meal, n.o.s. 

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