Of hyaluronic acid

Inhibition of Hyaluronic Acid Degradation by Dimethyl Sulphoxide, S. A. Barker, S. J. Crews, J. B. Marsters, and M. Stacey, Nature, 207 (1965) 1388-1389. 

The amino sugars include D-glucosamine, a constiment of hyaluronic acid (Figure 13-10), D-galactosamine (chondrosamine), a constituent of chondroitin and D-mannosamine. Several antibiotics (eg, erythromycin) contain amino sugars believed to be important for their antibiotic activity. 

The PL-catechin conjugate showed greatly amplified concentration-dependent inhibition activity against bacterial collagenase (ChC) on the basis of the catechin unit, which is considered to be due to effective multivalent interaction between ChC and the catechin unit in the conjugate. The kinetic study suggests that this conjugate is a mixed-type inhibitor for ChC. Hyaluronidase is an enzyme which catalyzes hydrolysis of hyaluronic acid and is often involved in a number... 

JA Hunt, HN Joshi, VJ Stella, EM Topp. Diffusion and drug release in polymer films prepared from ester derivatives of hyaluronic acid. J Controlled Release 12 159-169, 1990. 

Cifonelli The Biosynthesis of Hyaluronic Acid by Group A Streptococcus. IV. Role of Glucosone as an Intermediate in the Synthesis of Glucosamine. J. biol. Chemistry 216, 549 (1955)-... 

The Structure of Hyalobiuronic Acid and of Hyaluronic Acid from... 

The use of computers as an additional tool in studying polymer shapes is discussed. A general discussion of molecular modeling is presented with specific application to polymers. An example relating hydrodynamic properties of hyaluronic acid to computer generated models is included. 

We used this procedure in estimating the chain properties of hyaluronic acid 16). Hyaluronic acid is a regular polysaccharide with a disaccharide repeat unit. The two units are glucuronic acid (Figure 1) and N-acetyl glucosamine (Figure 2). 

The destruction of hyaluronic acid by spreading factors in sperms may play an important role in fertilization processes. 0... 

Meyer considers that the viscosity of aqueous solutions of hyaluronic acid, and the long, doubly refractive fibers obtained by spinning such solutions into a precipitant, are evidence of a long chain type of molecule. 

Hyaluronic Add Sulfate.—Meyer and Chaffee108 showed that this mucopolysaccharide of the cornea was a true derivative of hyaluronic acid, since it could be hydrolyzed enzymically by what is now known as hyaluronidase. ... 

Khademhosseini A, Suh KY, Yang JM et al (2004) Layer-by-layer deposition of hyaluronic acid and poly-L-lysine for patterned cell co-cultures. Biomaterials 25 3583-3592... 

The chemical adjustment of charge density is another potentially rewarding technique. It does, however, require either the synthesis of new polymers or the chemical modification of preformed polymers (e.g., supersulfation of hyaluronic acid [16]). This procedure has not been evaluated in our screening. 

Sandri G, Rossi S, Ferrari F, Bonferoni MC, Zerrouk N, Caramella C (2004) Mucoadhesive and penetration enhancement properties of three different grades of hyaluronic acid using porcine buccal and vaginal tissue, Caco-2 cell lines and rat jejunum. J Pharm Pharmacol 56 1083-1090. 

We were successful earlier in achieving anioiuc/cationic complexes with glycosaminoglycans, e.g., hyaluronic acid/cationic polysaccharide compositions [44], now used in personal care applications. Those compositions are substantive, stable and user-friendly. Unfortunately, despite the highly anionic nature of hyaluronic acid (and other glycosaminoglycans), these materials do not block viral infections [39]. Furthermore, as shown by the in vivo rabbit irritation studies, such compositions displayed minimal irritation [13]. 

The benzyl ester of hyaluronic acid (HYAFF 11) is a highly mucoadhesive polymer which can be processed into microspheres. Such microspheres containing salmon calcitonin were intravaginally administered to rats as a dosage form for the prevention of ovariectomy osteopenia [65]. In recent studies, HYAFF 11-salmon calcitonin microspheres were formulated as single-dose pessaries, resulting in sustained plasma concentrations of calcitonin [67]. 

Even less is known about the effects of ozone on carbohydrates. Buell et al. observed a decrease in the depolymerization of hyaluronic acid after treatment of the lungs of ozone-exposed rabbits (1 ppm for 1 h) with hyaluronidase. B. Goldstein et al. reported a loss in membrane neuraminic acid of red cells exposed in vitro to high concentrations of ozone. It would be important to study the effects of ozone on respiratory tract mucus, which is rich in carbohydrates, including neuraminic acid. This could indude determination of foe extent to which ozone is able to penetrate mucus that is unaltered, whether foe reaction of ozone with mucus results in the formation of cytotoxic intermediates, and evaluation of the interaction in mucus of ozone with other air pollutants, particularly sulfur dioxide. Of possible pertinence is a study by Falk et who observed that ozone produced a loss in foe viral hemagglutinating ability of snail mucus. 

Ih Formation of carbonyl compounds and alterations of hyaluronic acid in lung Rabbit 26... 

---