Of carvacrol

The oil CQuialna abont 70 to dO pec cent, of phenols, of which a small portion consists of carvacrol aod the remainder of thymol, the rest of the oil being chiefly cymene, which bolls at 17o to 176 U., whilst thymol boils at 232 C. 

Th oil coQlains a eonsidernhle amonnt of carvacrol, with a little thymol. l hynii -liydroquinooe is algo present, and probably oitral and cymene,... 

The od is soluble iu 3 volumes of 70 per cent, alcohols, The phenols consist almost entirely of carvacrol, and there are also preaeut cymene and terpenes. 

Thymol frequently occurs associated with carvacrol, its wtfio-isomer, and may be separated therefrom by fractional crystallisation of the phenyltirethanes, that of carvacrol being much less soluble in petroleum ether than that of thymol. 

In the estimation of carvacrol a slight modification of this method must be made, because carvacrol is thrown down as a finely divided white precipitate, giving the solution a milky appearance. In order to form a precipitate the liquid is vigorously shaken after the addition of iodine solution, and is subsequently filtered. Then the liquid is acidulated with hydrochloric acid, and subsequently the same procedure is followed as was described for thymol. The calculation is also the same. 

Xu J et al (2005) The antibacterial mechanism of carvacrol and thymol against Escherichia coK. Lett Appl Microbiol 47 174-179... 

Several qualities of savory oil exist, depending on the Satureja species used. The main cultivation areas are France, Spain, some of the Balkan countries, and some midwestem states of the United States. Characteristic of savory oil is its high content of carvacrol [499-75-2] [774-777a]. 

Carvacrol (5-isopropyI-2-methyiphenoI) is a naturally occurring substance isolated from oregano, thyme, and marjoram. Propose a synthesis of carvacrol from benzene. 

Composition Main constituents are a- and y-terpinene, terpinene-4-ol, a-terpineol, linalool, linalyl acetate and cis-sabinene hydrate. The latter, along with its transisomer and terpinene-4-ol, is considered as typical aroma carrier of sweet marjoram. The quantitative composition, especially of oils of uncertain botanical origin, varies considerably ]155]. Oils from India contain eugenol, methyl chavicol and geraniol in marked amounts ]156], while these compounds are negligible or absent in European oils. Commercial oils from Turkey contain considerable amounts of carvacrol, some up to 80% [157]. Also the production process can influence the oil composition, e.g. cis-sabinene hydrate is partly converted to terpinene -ol during steam distillation. The genuine plant additionally contains cis-sabinene hydrate acetate, which is almost totally hydrolysed in the steam-distilled oil [158]. 

Ascending, one-dimensional development in a trough chamber with chamber saturation. A double development (5 min intermediate drying in a stream of warm air) was required for the separation of carvacrol/thymol. 

A problem that occurs now and then is that a producer of herbs partially extracts them, separates the components, sells them separately, and then sells the partially extracted leaves as originals. This is a fraud, unless the label indicates a partial extraction. An activist group suspects that such an operation is going on involving the removal of carvacrol and thymol from oregano leaves and demands an immediate analysis. You are to extract some leaves they suspect and compare the amount recovered to a known quality product. 

Content and composition of essential oil similar to that of Thyntus vulgaris, but higher amount of carvacrol and less thymoimono-methylether (0.3%),... 

Carvone is a double bond isomer of carvacrol. Acids can isomerise double bonds and so isomerise carvone to carvacrol. There are many... 

Ben Arfa, A. Y. Chrakabandhu L. Preziosi-Belloy P. Chalier N. Gontard. Coating papers with soy protein isolates as inclusion matrix of carvacrol. Pood Res. Int. 2006, 40, 22-32. 

Tunc, S., Duman, O. 2011. Preparation of active antimicrobial methyl cellulose/carvacrol/montmorillonite nanocomposite film and investigation of carvacrol release. LWT—Food Science and Technology, 44 465-472. 

Liolios, C. C., Gortzi, O., Lalas, S., Tsaknis, J., and Chinou, I. (2009). Liposomal incorporation of carvacrol and thymol isolated from the essential oil of Origanum dictamnus L. and in vitro antimicrobial activity. Food Chemistry, 112, 77-83. 

Phytochemistry The herb contains essential oil (with phenols such as thymol and isomers of carvacrol), bi and tricyclic sesquiterpenes, free alcohols, tannins, ascorbic acids, and flavonoids (Akopov 1990 Sivropoulou et al. 1996). A total 62 constituents were identified from the essential oil of Origanum vulgare ssp. vulgare, with the main constituents being caryophyllene, spathulenol, germacrene-D, and terpineol (Sahin et al. 2004). 

Ben Arfa, A. Combes, S. Preziosi-Belloy, L.N. Gontard, N. Antimicrobial activity of carvacrol related to its chemical structure. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 2006, 43 (2), 149-154. 

ACTIVE PACKAGING BASED ON THE RELEASE OF CARVACROL AND THYMOL FOR FRESH FOOD... 

This study focuses on the optimization of antifungal active systems based on the controlled release of carvacrol and th unol from pol5q)ro-pylene (PP) films. The effectiveness of the developed active films was... 

Two active formulations were prepared PP containing 8 wt% of thymol (PPT8) and PP with 8 wt% of carvacrol (PPC8). An additional sample without any active compound was also prepared and used as control (PPO). 

The antioxidant performance of carvacrol and thymol in the developed active films was also studied by DSC by determining their oxidation induction time, OIT (min) (Pospisil et al., 2003 Archodoulaki et al., 2006). The OTT value is defined as the time to the onset of an exothermic oxidation peak in oxidative atmosphere and it was determined by using oxygen and air, as the results obtained can be dependent on the type of atmosphere used for the analysis. 

The effect of carvacrol and thymol on the thermal stability of PP films was studied by TGA imder nitrogen atmosphere. The TGA patterns obtained for PP films showed a first degradation step at low temperatures (about 115°C) observed only for active films, which was associated to the thermal decomposition of carvacrol and/or thymol and a second step corresponding to the thermal degradation of the polymer matrix [34]. The first degradation step observed for active films was considered as an indirect confirmation of the presence of the active compounds (thymol and carvacrol) in the polymer matrix after processing and consequently their ability to act as active agents in these materials as it has been reported by other authors [28]. 

Table 2 summarizes the temperatures obtained for the main degradation step (T ), ascribed to the PP thermal degradation. No significant differences were observed for T values in all samples. These results showed that the addition of carvacrol and thymol to the polymer matrix... 

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