Solubilities, gas

Figure 6.1 also indicates that for the monoatomic gases, solubility increases with increasing molecular weight. In the case of the more complex gases, such as CO2 and... 

Supercritical solvents have a number of advantages which make them excellent reaction media, such as the low cost, non-toxicity, and low viscosity. These advantages have meant that they are increasingly utilized in reactions. Supercritical solvents can be described as fluids with attributes of both liquids and gases. Solubility of the solute in the fluid depends on the vapour pressure of the solute however, addition of different polar/nonpolar compounds can change the solubility. What makes the supercritical solvent to be so imique is that properties, such as solubility, can be tuned by varying the pressure, so the solvent becomes more gas-like or liquid-like [46]. 

IV. Those connected with the Interplay between polymers and liquids or gases solubility, wetting and repulsion (Chaps. 7 and 8) permeability, sorption and diffusivity (Chaps. 9 and 18). 

SCFs are stronger solvents than the corresponding liquids and many times stronger than the corresponding gases. Solubility increases as the pressure is increased towards liquid-like densities, and subsequently reaches a plateau. Figure 2 shows the solubility of naphthalene in CO2 taken from the NMR study of Lamb et al. [2]. Viscosity, of course, also increases with increasing... 

Fig. 45. Semimicro apparatus for bromination (may be used for reactions where gases, soluble in water, are evolved)...

Fig. 46. Macro apparatus for bromination or any reaction where gases soluble in water are evolved...

Properties Noncorroding metal. Does not react with moist air to form hydroxide. Mp 1407C, bp 2330C, d 8.54. Reacts slowly with water and halogen gases soluble in dilute acids. High cross section for thermal neutrons. 

Hayduk and Laudie (14) observed that all gases solubilities in a given solvent have a common value as the solvent critical temperature is approached. By extrapolating bilogarithmic curves of gas solubilities vs temperature to the solvent critical temperature, they determined reference solubilities in a number of polar and non-polar solvents. Beutier and Renon (18) confirmed the previous observations of Hayduk and Laudie (14) and they derived from thermodynamic considerations an exact value of the reference solubi1ity. 

M Some early experimenters used mercury instead of water in this device so as to be able to collect gases soluble in water. 

---