Sediment Southern Ocean

Sigman, D.M., M.A. Altabet, R. Francois, D.C. McCorkle, and G.-F. Gaillard. 1999. The isotopic composition of diatom-bound nitrogen in Southern Ocean sediments. 

Evidence of the fall dump of giant diatoms. Sediment layers from (a) the Gulf of California dominated by cell walls of Stephanopyxis palmeriana (diameter <70 ji,m) (b) the Southern Ocean, showing a tangled mass of the rod-shaped species Thalassiothrix antarctica, which grows up to 4 mm in length. Source From Kemp, A. E. S., et al. (2000). Deep-Sea Research II, 47, 2129-2154. 

Bianchi, M., Fehatra, Treguer, P., Vincendeau, M. A., and Morvan, J. (1997). Nitrification rates, ammonium and nitrate distribution in upper layers of the water column and in sediments of the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean. Deep-Sea Research 44, 1017—1032. 

The one key critical point that all of the iron-enrichment experiments have failed to show is an increase in the export of carbon to the deep sea. Even the Southern Ocean experiments, where a CO2 drawdown occurred, did not result in an increase in export flux. Sediment traps set out at a depth of... 

Kumar N., Gwiazda R., Anderson R. E., and Froelich P. N. (1993) Pa/ rh ratios in sediments as a proxy for past changes in Southern Ocean productivity. Nature 362, 45-48. 

Figure 5 Abundance of radiocarbon age of black carbon in slowly accumulating ( 2.5 cm kyr ) deep-sea sediments from the Southern Ocean (54 °S 176° 40 W) (a) a plot of the ratio of black carbon to total organic carbon (BC/OC) with sediment depth and (b) A C (per mil) and C age (kyr BP) of BC (solid symbols) and non-BC sedimentary OC (open symbols) as a function of depth (after Masiello and Druffel, 1998).

Wang X.-C. and Druffel E. R. M. (2001) Radiocarbon and stable carbon isotope compositions of organic compound classes in sediments from the NE Pacific and Southern Oceans. Mar. Chem. 73, 65-81. 

Paleoproductivity studies in the Southern Ocean, where the deep-reaching Antarctic circumpolar current causes substantial sediment redistribution, have been especially dependent on the °Th-profiling method to obtain accumulation rates of opal, excess barium, organic carbon, and other paleoproductivity proxies (Anderson et al., 2002, 1998 Chase et al., 2003a Francois et al., 1997, 1993 Frank, 1996 Frank et al., 2000 Kumar et al., 1995). Studies of the Atlantic and Indian sectors of the Southern Ocean concluded that productivity in regions south of the Antarctic polar front was lower... 

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