Occupational compound allergy

Alanko K, Jolanki R, Estlander T, Kanerva L (1999) Occupational compound allergy from an industrial grease caused by an oxidation product of phenyl-alpha-naphtylamine. J Eur Acad Derm Venereol 12 Suppl 2 186-187 Aldridge RD, Main RA (1984) Contact dermatitis due to a combined miconazole nitrate/hydrocortisone cream. Contact Dermatitis 10 58-60... 

Kanerva L, Estlander T, Jolanki R (1994) Occupational skin allergy in the dental profession. Dermatol Clin 12 517-532 Kanerva L, Estlander T, Jolanki R, Tarvainen K (1995) Statistics on allergic patch test reactions caused by acrylate compounds, including data on ethyl methacrylate. Am J Contact Dermat 6 75-77... 

Prolonged contact with certain chromium compounds may produce allergic reactions and dermatitis in some individuals (114). The initial response is usually caused by exposure to Cr(VI) compounds, but once the allergy is estabUshed, it is extended to the trivalent compounds (111,115). There is also limited evidence of possible chromium associated occupational asthma, but there is insufficient data to estimate a dose for assumed chromium-induced asthma. Reference 116 provides a summary and discussion of chromium hypersensitivity. 

A number of experiments performed thereafter were supportive for the immune-based etiology of zimeldine-induced adverse effects (Kristofferson Nilsson, 1989). Three individuals occupationally exposed to zimeldine developed allergy to the compound and showed positive patch and skin prick tests and positive response to zimeldine in the lymphocyte transformation test. Patients with a history of zimeldine-induced disease showed marked lymphocyte transformation test responses to zimeldine as well as two metabolites (norzimeldine and CPP200). These findings indicate that zimeldine may be immunogenic indeed, zimeldine has been shown to be positive in the popliteal lymph node assay, based on cell numbers and including germinal centre formation and production of IgM and IgG antibodies (Thomas et al., 1989). 

Occupational asthma and allergy to roasted and green coffee have been reported in persons exposed to coffee dust (Diba and English 2002 Lemiere et al. 1996 Treudler et al. 1997). An anaphylactic reaction to coffee, with skin prick testing confirming caffeine as the responsible compound, has been reported (Infante et al. 2003). 

Contact allergy to propanidid, (epontol), developed from occupational exposure in an anesthetist. This compound is derived from eugenol and cross-reacts with eu-genol and balsam of Peru (Sneddon and Glew 1973) Another case was reported by Bandmann and Doenicke (1971). 

Hawley GG, Lewis RJ (Sr) (1997) Hawley s condensed chemical dictionary, 13th edn. John Wiley 8c Sons, New York Jolanki R (1991) Occupational skin diseases from epoxy compounds. Epoxy resin compounds, epoxy acrylates and 2,3-epoxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (doctoral dissertation). Acta Derm Venereol Suppl 159 1-80 Jolanki R, Estlander T, Kanerva L (1987) Contact allergy to an epoxy reactive diluent 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether. Contact Dermatitis 16 87-92... 

Jolanki R, Kanerva L, Estlander T, Tarvainen K (1994) Concomitant sensitization to triglycidyl isocyanurate, diaminodiphe-nyl methane and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate from silk-screen printing coatings in the manufacture of circuit boards. Contact Dermatitis 30 12-15 Jolanki R, Tarvainen K, Tatar T, Estlander T, Henriks-Eckerman M-L, Mustakallio KK, Kanerva L (1996) Occupational dermatoses from exposure to epoxy resin compounds in a ski factory. Contact Dermatitis 34 390-396 Jolanki R, Alanko K, Pfaffli P, Estlander T, Kanerva L (1997) Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from 5-chloro-i-methyl-4-nitroimidazole. Contact Dermatitis 36 53-54 Kalimo K, Jolanki R, Estlander T, Kanerva L (1989) Contact allergy to antioxidants in industrial greases. Contact Dermatitis 20 151-152... 

Occupational asthma due to colophony compounds in the fumes from soldering flux has been reported. Whether this is due to type-I allergy or to irritation has not been fully investigated (Burge 1984 Cullen et al. 1992). 

Interestingly, a case of allergic contact dermatitis due to cobalt-2-ethylhexoate in a Finnish offset printer has been reported (Kanerva et al. 1996). It is used as a paint and ink drier, whitener and catalyst. Although isolated cobalt allergy is rare, cobalt salts are well-known sensitisers, and this has long been recognised in painters. Dermatitis patients in contact with inks, paints or varnishes need to be patch tested with cobalt, which is routine, as cobalt chloride is a member of the standard series however its potential occupational relevance may well be overlooked. Ethoxylated phenol and its phosphate salt have been described as sensitisers (Ashworth 1991) these compounds are used as surfactants in plate developers. 

Kanerva L, Estlander T, Jolanki R (1980) Occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by thiourea compounds. Contact Dermatitis 31 242-248 Roberts JL, Hanifin JM (1980) Contact allergy and cross-reactivity to substituted thiourea compounds. Contact Dermatitis 6 138-139... 

In North America and Europe, it has long been known that some occupational allergies are associated with handling of wood on which epiphitic liverworts grow. The hapten of this allergy is a sesquiterpene lactone, (—)-frullanolide (338), isolated from Frullania tamarisci ssp. tamarisci, or ( + )-frullanolide (339) from F. dilatata 14,18, 30, 32,37,175, 255, 287). The isolation of these compounds represented the first discovery in bryophytes of compounds with biological activity in humans. The eudesmanolides (349) and (352) and the eremophilanolide (322) also caused intense allergies. Patients sensitive to Frullania species are all sensitive to at least one of the lactones isolated from F. dilatata 30). 

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