Reactive diluents, epoxy

Pentaerythrityl triallyl ether reactive diluent, epoxies electrical... 

Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is used in elastomer production. As a solvent for the polymerization initiator, it finds appHcation in the manufacture of chlorohydrin mbber. Additionally, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is used as a catalyst solvent-activator and reactive diluent in epoxy formulations for a variety of apphcations. Where exceptional moisture resistance is needed, as for outdoor appHcations, furfuryl alcohol is used jointly with tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol in epoxy adhesive formulations. 

Glycidyl and Vinyl Esters. Glycidyl neodecanoate [26761-45-5] sold commercially as GLYDEXXN-10 (Exxon) or as CarduraElO (Shell), is prepared by the reaction of neodecanoic acid and epichl orohydrin under alkaline conditions, followed by purification. Physical properties of the commercially available material are given in Table 3. The material is a mobile Hquid monomer with a mild odor and is used primarily in coatings. Eor example, it is used as an intermediate for the production of a range of alkyd resins (qv) and acryHcs, and as a reactive diluent for epoxy resins (qv). 

Modified Bismaleimides. Bismaleknide resins may be further modified and blended with other thermoset resins or reactive diluents to achieve either specific end-use properties or processibiUty. Thermoset resins that can be used for modification are unsaturated polyesters, vinylesters, cyanate esters, and epoxies. 

A great variety of resia formulations is possible because other thermosets, such as epoxies or acrylates, and reactive diluents, such as o-diaUyl phthalate [131-17-9] triaUyl cyanurate [101-37-17, or triaUyl isocyanurate [1023-13-6J, can be used to further modify the BT resias. The concept is very flexible because bismaleimide and biscyanate can be blended and copolymerized ia almost every ratio. If bismaleimide is used as a major constituent, then homopolymerization of the excess bismaleimide takes place ia addition to the copolymerization. Catalysts such as ziac octoate or tertiary amines are recommended for cure. BT resias are mainly used ia ptinted circuit and multilayer boards (58). 

Monofunctional aliphatic glycidyl ethers, eg, based on / -butanol or mixed Cg—alcohols, are used exclusively as reactive diluents to reduce viscosities of epoxy resin systems. Some loss of desirable cured properties results from the lowered functionality of the systems. 

Modified liquid epoxy resins liquid epoxy resins with added reactive diluents or solvents mild to moderate irritants moderate to strong sensitizers low volatility, exposure unlikely unless heated, sprayed, or spread over large unventilated surfaces low toxicity... 

The photoinitiator selected for this study was 1-benzoyl cyclohexanol (Irgacure 184 from Ciba Geigy), a compound known for its high initiation efficiency and the weak coloration of its photoproducts. The multifunctional monomer was an epoxy-diacrylate derivative of bis-phenol A (Ebecryl 605 from UCB). A reactive diluent, tripropyleneglycol diacrylate, had to be introduced in equal amounts, in order to lower the viscosity of the formulation to about 0.3 Pa.s. 

Since the commercially available epoxy acrylate is extremely viscous, it is necessary to thin the formulation with a reactive diluent. A mixture with satisfactory viscosity for brush-on application contains about 45% diluent. Of the diluents tested, TMPTA (trimethylolpropane triacrylate) proved most successful. 

The formulation which performed best contained 1% BAPO/HMPP photoinitiator, 50% acrylate ester of bisphenol A epoxy (Ebecryl 3700), 45% reactive diluent, 5% pigment, and a few drops of the fluorocarbon surfactant FC-171. 

Uses. Reactive diluent in epoxy resin systems stabilizer of chlorinated compounds manufacture of rubber... 

Uses. Reactive diluent for epoxy resins stabilizer for organic compounds chemical intermediate for synthesis of ethers and esters... 

Uses. As a chemical intermediate and as a reactive diluent for diepoxides and epoxy resins. 

Production of glycidol and its broad applications as an intermediate, as a reactive diluent in epoxy resins and as a stabilizer and a sterilant may result in its release into the environment through various waste streams (Ivashkiv Dunham, 1973 Kaplan et al, 1982 Nomeir et al, 1995 Department of Health and Human Services, 1999). 

Glycidol is an epoxide used as a chemical intermediate in the production of functional epoxides, glycidyl urethanes, pharmaceuticals and other products. It is also used as a reactive diluent in epoxy resin systems and as a sterilant. Occupational exposure may occur during its production and use. No data were available on environmental exposure to glycidol. 

Secondary ingredients in epoxy adhesives include reactive diluents to adjust viscosity mineral fillers to lower cost, adjust viscosity, or modify the coefficient of thermal expansion and fibrous fillers to improve thixotropy and cohesive strength. Epoxy resins are often modified with other resins to enhance certain properties that are necessary for the application. Often these modifications take the form of additions of elastomeric resins to improve toughness or peel strength. 

---