Occupancy criteria

A steel-frame maintenance building with sheet-metal siding is located 300 ft (90 m) from the edge of process unit handling ethylene. The building has an occupancy load of 800 person-hours, with 20 personnel present 40 hours a week. This exceeds the company s occupancy criteria. 

A small engineering building is located 350 ft (107 m) from the process unit discussed in Example 8. It has an occupancy load of 500 person-hours, which exceeds the company s occupancy criteria. The building is constructed of unreinforced concrete and contains several windows. Earlier calculations estimated the incident side-on overpressure to be 0.5 psi at 350 ft (0.069 bar at 105 m). 

As discussed in Chapter 3, each facility may wish to determine occupancy criteria reflecting company-specific considerations. At present, little additional guidance is available to assist companies in doing so. 

Some factors to consider in developing occupancy criteria include ... 

During the screening process, building occupancy criteria help identify those buildings with sufficient occupancy to be of concern. This is a critical determination. Buildings that do not exceed the occupancy criteria can be... 

R. A. Faust and D. M. Opresko, Occupational criteria for chemical agent VX ADA229531, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1988. 

B. The symptoms in Criterion A cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of fimctioning. 

In 1998 a Californian (MMWR, 2001) mother requested a blood lead level determination for her 18-month-old child. The result was a blood lead level (BLL) of 26 LLg/dl, which was well above the Center for Disease Control s (CDC) recommended criterion for clinical case management. It was subsequently found that the father had a BLL of 46 ( lg/dl, which was above the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requirement that workers with BLLs greater than 40 lg/dl receive additional medical examinations. Further testing found that his 4-month-old daughter had a BLL of 24 Rg/dl. This worker was employed in a company that refinished antique furniture, some of which was covered with lead-based paint. Subsequent testing of co-workers found that two refinishers had BLLs of 29 and 54 Rg/dl and four carpenters had BLLs of 46, 46, 47, and 56 ( lg/dl. A child in another family had a BLL of 16 ( lg/dl. What will be the long-term effects on the intellectual abilities of these children ... 

Schizophreniform disorder in DSM-FV is somewhat different from schizotypal disorder in ICD-10. The diagnosis of schizophreniform disorder requires the identical criteria of schizophrenia (criterion A), except for two differences the total duration of the illness is at least 1 month, but less than 6 months (criterion B), and impaired social or occupational functioning during some part of the illness is not required. The delusional disorder in DSM-IV corresponds more or less to the category persistent delusional disorder of ICD-10, and brief psychotic disorder (DSM-IV) is similar to the ICD-10 category acute and transient psychotic disorder, whereas the shared psychotic disorder of DSM-IV corresponds to induced delusional disorder of ICD-10. 

D. Dohnert, J. Koutecky, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 102, 1789 (1980). Occupation Numbers of Natural Orbitals as a Criterion for Biradical Character. Different Kinds of Biradicals. 

The technique of channeling-enhanced X-ray emission (CHEXE) has enabled cation site occupancies to be determined in various minerals, including transition metal ions in spinels and ferromagnesian silicates (Taftp, 1982 Taftp and Spence, 1982 Smyth and Taftp, 1982 McCormick etal., 1987). The method, which is based on relative intensities of X-ray peaks measured on crystals with diameters as small as 50 nm under the electron microscope, is particularly useful for determining site occupancies of minor elements with concentrations as low as 0.05 atom per cent in a structure. The most important criterion for the determination of element distribution in a mineral by this technique is that the cation sites should lie on alternating crystallographic planes. In order to make quantitative site population estimates, additional information is required, particularly the occupancy of at least one element in one of the sites or in another site that lines up with one of the sites of interest (McCormick et al., 1987). For example, cation site occupancies by CHEXE measurements have been determined from X-ray peak intensity ratios of Si to Ni, Mn, Cr and Fe in forsterite, as well as thermal disordering of these cations in heated olivines (Smyth and Taftp, 1982). 

The second position can be summarized as follows With or without spare receptors, each occupied receptor molecule should make the same contribution toward the effect until the maximum effect is reached. Therefore, with spare receptors present, 100% of the effect should be reached with less than 100% of the receptors occupied, which means that the response curve for the function must be steeper than that for the receptor occupancy (Figure 3.8). Note that this argument assmnes a linear relationship between receptor binding and functional effect. I therefore think that the slope criterion is not generally applicable. 

The second criterion relates to the traumatic event and the development of symptoms that fall into the three categories of reexperiencing the event, avoidance and psychic numbing, and increased arousal. Finally, the disturbance must cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). 

Atopy, defined either by a positive skin prick test or presence of IgE antibodies in serum to common environmental allergens, may be used as a criterion for increased risk of development of occupational allergy. Exclusion of workers with a positive skin prick test can, however, mean denying employment to approximately one third of job applicants, only a proportion of whom would develop occupational asthma [17]. More stringent criteria for IgE sensitisation... 

The concept of personal effort bears activating features in that the search for employment is a precondition for the receipt of unemployment benefit. The nearest sanction for lack of personal effort is the imposition of a disqualification period. Unemployed are deemed available for the placement efforts if, inter alia, they are capable of and allowed to exercise an occupation which can be reasonably expected of them under the usual conditions of the labour market, and which is subject to compulsory insurance and comprises a weekly working time of no less than 15 h. An important criterion of this definition is suitability, which is detailed in 121 SGB III and purports that an unemployed person can be expected to perform all occupations conforming to his or her working capabilities to the extent that general or personal grounds do not oppose the reasonability of an employment. 

Criterion 3. Employees are concerned with the same questions as investors and lenders. They also have special interest in salaries, occupational safety and health, employment stability, and career opportunities. With less mobility than management, they may be opposed to plant relocations and new plant investment abroad. They may be more interested in salary and wage increases than in dividend payout. 

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