Obsessive-compulsive disorder response

Blier P, de Montigny C (1998) Possible serotonergic mechanisms underlying the antidepressant and anti-obsessive-compulsive disorder responses. Biol Psychiatry 44 313-323 Bonasera SJ, Tecott LH (2000) Mouse models of serotonin receptor function toward agenetic dissection of serotonin systems. Pharmacol Ther 88 133-142 Bonhoeffer T (1996) Neurotrophins and activity-dependent development of the neocortex. Curr Opin Nemobiol 6 119-126... 

Billett EA, Richter MA, King N, Heils A, Lesch KP, Kennedy JL (1997) Obsessive compulsive disorder, response to serotonin reuptake inhibitors and the serotonin transporter gene. Mol Psychiatry 2 403-406... 

Casey DA, Davis MH Obsessive-compulsive disorder responsive to electroconvulsive therapy in an elderly woman. South Med J 87 862-864, 1994 Casey ML, McDonald PC, Simpson ER Endocrinological changes in pregnancy, in Williams Textbook of Endocrinology, 7th Edition. Edited by Wilson JD, Doster DW. Philadelphia, PA, WB Saunders, 1985, pp 442-447 Casper JL Bigraphic d une idee fixe. Traduction de Lalaune G. Archiv de Neurologic 1 270-287, 1902... 

Panic disorder is characterized by the occurrence of panic attacks that occur spontaneously and lead to persistent worry about subsequent attacks and/or behavioral changes intended to minimize the likelihood of further attacks. Sporadic panic attacks are not limited, however, to those with syndromal panic disorder as they do occur occasionally in normal individuals and in those with other syndromal psychiatric disorders. The hallmark of panic disorder is that the panic attacks occur without warning in an unpredictable variety of settings, whereas panic attacks associated with other disorders typically occur in response to a predictable stimulus. For example, a person with acrophobia might experience a panic attack when on a glass elevator. A patient with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) with contamination fears may have a panic attack when confronted with the sight of refuse, and a combat veteran with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may experience a panic attack when a helicopter flies overhead or an automobile backfires. 

Kinnear C, Niehaus DJ, Seedat S, Moolman-Smook JC, Corfield VA, Malherbe G, Potgieter A, Lombard C, Stein DJ (2001) Obsessive-compulsive disorder and a novel polymorphism adjacent to the oestrogen response element (ERE 6) upstream from the COMT gene. Psychiatr Genet 11 85-87... 

Lesch KP, Hob A, Schulte HM (1991) Long-term fluoxetine treatment decreases 5-HTlA receptor responsivity in obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 105 415-420... 

Although genetic influences on the dynamics of drug response have been studied in a wide range of disorders, most of the studies have been carried out in only the past few years. Disorders and behaviors studied include Alzheimer s disease, schizophrenia, depression, suicide, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), substance abuse, smoking, and alcoholism. Across these disorders, however, there has been a focus on only a handful of neuroeffector systems. These include apolipoprotein and the cholinergic system (in Alzhei-... 

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a disorder of the frontal-subcortical system. A characteristic of this group of disorders is a complex interaction between the exogenous and endogenous stimuli and the neural systems that link stimuli to cognitive and behavioral responses. Although cortical dysfunction cannot be excluded as a basis for OCD symptoms, there is evidence that basal... 

Geller, D., Biederman, J., Reed, E., Spencer, T, and Wilens, T. (1995) Similarities in response to fluoxetine in the treatment of children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder. / Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 34 36—44. 

Predictors of drug treatment response in obsessive-compulsive disorder. / Clin Psychiatry 56 368—373. 

One of the clinician s most important tasks is thus to identify the principal sources of distress and impairment and to prioritize the targets for pharmacological intervention. Although tic reduction may be the first priority in some cases, in other cases it may be a child s ADHD, depression, or compulsions that may have the first claim on the clinician s interventional efforts. Even when the tics are not themselves the initial target of treatment, the TS-related nature of the child s depression, ADHD, or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) may have important implications for the choice of agents, therapeutic response, or possible side effects. 

Paroxetine. Paroxetine, also a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, has been the subject of a case report in two subjects. Ringold [1994] reported the effective treatment of two individuals who had not responded to prior therapy with fluoxetine and sertraline. Both individuals had comorbid psychiatric problems. Subject A demonstrated both social phobia and dysthymia. Although her symptoms of dysthymia were clinically responsive to fluoxetine therapy, her social phobia symptoms were resistant. Subject B had body dysmorphic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and social phobia. His obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms benefited from fluoxetine therapy, but his social anxiety was resistant. Sertraline therapy was attempted in both subjects. Subject A required discontinuation because of adverse effects. Subject B experienced a worsening of both obsessive-compulsive disorder and social phobia symptoms. Both subjects demonstrated a positive response in their symptoms when switched to paroxetine [20 mg/day]. 

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Depression, and the Response to Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors... 

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD] is usually chronic, often debilitating, and much more common than previously believed. Not long ago, OCD was widely viewed as untreatable. The 1980s witnessed renewed optimism about the prognosis of OCD as new, more effective forms of pharmacotherapy (i.e., potent serotonin reuptake inhibitors [SRIs]] and behavior therapy (i.e., exposure/response prevention) were introduced and tested. Despite these advances, a substantial number of patients with OCD... 

Baxter LR, Phelps ME, Mazziotti JC, et al Cerebral metabohc rates for glucose in mood disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 42 441-447, 1985 Baxter LR Jr, Thompson JM, Schwartz JM, et al. Trazodone treatment response in obsessive-compulsive disorder—correlated with shifts in glucose metabolism in the caudate nuclei. Psychopathology 20 (suppl 1 114-122, 1987 Beale MD, Kellner CH, Pritchett JT, et al Stimulus dose-titration in ECT a 2-year clinical experience. Convulsive Therapy 10 171-176, 1994 Beale MD, Kellner CH, Pritchett JT, et al ECT for OCD. J Clin Psychiatry 56 81-82, 1995... 

Faedda GL, Baldessarini RJ, Tohen M, et al Episode sequence in bipolar disorder and response to lithium treatment. Am J Psychiatry 148 1237-1239, 1991 Falkenburg T, Mohammed AK, Henriksson B, et al Increased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA in rat hippocampus is associated with improved spatial memory and enriched environment. Neurosci Lett 138 153-156, 1992 Fallon BA, Campeas R, Schneier FR, et al Open trial of intravenous clomipramine in five treatment-refractory patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 4 70-75, 1992... 

Leis AA, Kofler M, Stokic DS, et al Effect of the inhibitory phenomenon following magnetic stimulation of cortex on brainstem motor neuron excitability and on the cortical control of brainstem reflexes. Muscle Nerve 16 1351-1358, 1993 Lemke MR Effect of carbamazepine on agitation in Alzheimer s inpatients refractory to neuroleptics. J Clin Psychiatry 56 354-357, 1995 Lemus CZ, Robinson DG, Kronig M, et al Behavioral responses to a dopaminergic challenge in obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Anxiety Disord 5 369-373, 1991 Lena C, Changeux JP Allosteric modulations of the nicotinic acetylchohne receptor. Trends Neurosci 16 181-186, 1993... 

Zohar J, Insel T OCD Psychobiological approaches to diagnosis, treatment and pathophysiology. Biol Psychiatry 22 667-687, 1987 Zohar J, Mueller EA, Insel TE, et al Serotonergic responsivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder comparison of patients and healthy controls. Arch Gen Psychiatry 44 946-951, 1987... 

Imipramine Mixed and variable blockade of NET and SERT Like SNRIs plus significant blockade of autonomic nervous system and histamine receptors Major depression not responsive to other drugs chronic pain disorders incontinence obsessive-compulsive disorder (clomipramine) Long half-lives CYP substrates active metabolites Toxicity Anticholinergic, G.-blocking effects, sedation, weight gain, arrhythmias, and seizures in overdose Interactions CYP inducers and inhibitors... 

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by the presence of obsessions and compulsions. Obsessions are images, ideas, thoughts or impulses that enter the patient s mind repeatedly and that are recognized as irrational by the patient. Compulsions are repetitive or stereotyped behaviors that are performed in response to a specific obsession to prevent the occurrence of an unlikely event or to prevent discomfort [5],... 

Rosenberg DR, MacMillan SN, Moore GJ (2001) Brain anatomy and chemistry may predict treatment response in paediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 7 179-190. 

---