Oestrogen Response Element

More subtle modes of action are also possible since the response to hormone receptor binding is complex and could be affected by chemical interference with receptor-related proteins, DNA methylation or histone acetylation. Dioxin (TCDD), for example, reduces the ability of the oestrogen-receptor complex to bind to the oestrogen response element of DNA, reducing gene transcription. ... 

Tora L, Gaub MP, Mader S, Dierich A, Bellard M, Chambon P (1988) Cell-specific activity of a GGTCA half-palindromic oestrogen responsive element in the chicken ovoalbumin gene promoter. EMBO J 7 3771... 

Kinnear C, Niehaus DJ, Seedat S, Moolman-Smook JC, Corfield VA, Malherbe G, Potgieter A, Lombard C, Stein DJ (2001) Obsessive-compulsive disorder and a novel polymorphism adjacent to the oestrogen response element (ERE 6) upstream from the COMT gene. Psychiatr Genet 11 85-87... 

Antioestrogenic at oestrogen response element level (VITD-R agonist) [antirachitic, promotes intestinal Ca2+ transport]... 

Castano, E., Vorojeikina, D.P. and Notides, A.C. (1997) Phosphorylation of serine-167 on the human oestrogen receptor is important for oestrogen response element binding and transcriptional activation. The Biochemical Journal, 326, 149-157. 

Glucocorticoid-response element Oestrogen-response element Thyroid-response element Dihydroxy vitamin Dj-response element COUP element (orphan-response element)... 

There are a number of response elements in the 5 -flanking region (Fig. 10.9). The two-oestrogen response elements ( — 163 to —177 and —208 to 220) act synergistically, producing a potent response element. In addition, another important frans-acting protein is the liver-enriched transcription factor (C/EBP) that binds elements Bi, Bj and D (Beekman... 

Fig. 10.9. ApoVLDLII gene organisation showing four exons, three introns and the upstream control elements (Deeley et al, 1992). ORE, oestrogen-response element C/EBP, liver enriched transcription factor.

McEwaa I.J, Saluz, H.-P. Jost, J.-P. (1991). In vivo and in vitro proteiit-DNA interactions at the distal oestrogen response element of the chicken vitellogenin gene evidence for the same protein biitding to this sequence in hen and rooster liver. ]. Steroid Biochem. Mol Biol, 38, 275-83. 

Fig. 4. Specificity determined by availability of receptor binding regions of DNA. With an oestrogen (E) sensitive gene, the receptor complex binds to specific regions of DNA (steroid response element) which influences the efficiency of mRNA initiation. If the response element is blocked, the gene is unresponsive to the steroid.

Fig. 5. Specificity of steroid response element. A. In this example (mouse mammary tumour virus), the element will bind receptors for glucocorticoids (G), androgen (A), progestin (P) and mineralocorticoid (M) so that each of these classes of steroid stimulate transcription. This type of specificity can vary from cell to cell possibly due to other protein factors (not shown). B. Although oestrogen (E) receptor will not act as an agonist for mouse mammary tumour virus transcription, it may antagonise the agonist activity of glucocorticoids (G).

---