Nylon 6-clay hybrid properties

Over the last two decades, the polymer-clay nanocomposites have been widely investigated as materials exhibiting superior properties, such as high modulus, increased thermal stability, and good gas-barrier characteristics [18-20]. Their development started from the nylon/clay hybrid found by Kamigaito et al. [21, 22] and has extended to various combinations of monomer/nanofiller using more... 

Okada, A., Kawasumi, M., Usuki, A, Kojima, Y., Kurauchi, T. and Kamigaito, 0.1990. Synthesis and properties of nylon-6/clay hybrids. In Schaefer DW, Mark ]E. eds. Polymer based molecular composites. Pittsburgh. MRS Symposium Proceedings 171 45-50. 

Mechanical properties of nylon 6-clay hybrid. J. Mater. Res. 1993, 8 (5), 1185-1189. 

A new composite material was introduced in 1987 with the discovery of a nylon-6/clay hybrid (NCH) [201]. The hybrid was prepared by the in situ thermal polymerization of s-caprolactam with 8% or less montmorillonite, the clay material containing 1-nm thick exfoliated aluminosilicate layers. It exhibited a truly nanometer-sized composite of nylon-6 and layered aluminosilicate. Figure 2.14 depicts conceptually the NCH synthesis and its fine structure. The NCH exhibited high modulus, high strength, and good gas-barrier properties. The unique and superior properties led to the commercialization of NCH. It has also created a new class of nanocomposites and worldwide interest. 

Principia Partners (2005) Polymer Nanocomposites Create Exciting Opportunities in the Plastics Industry Updated Study from Principia. Retrieved on February 10,2011 from Special Chem at http //specialchem4polymers.com/resources/latest/displaynews.aspx id=l%5 Kojima Y, Usuki A, Kawasumi M et al (1993) Mechanical properties of nylon 6-clay hybrid. J Mater Res 8 1185-1189... 

Y. Kojima, A. Usuki, M. Kawasumi, A. Okada, Y. Fukushima, T. Kurauchi, O. Kamigaito, Mechanical properties of nylon 6-clay hybrid. Journal of Materials Research 8 (1993) 1185-1189. 

RTF hci.s developed a technology for incorporating organo-clay hybrids into extruded nylon sheet or Him via the compounding process. This form of lightweight composite requires only a loading of the order of 2-8% to exhibit properties equivalent to or better than typical mineral-filled compounds at 0-30% loadings. 

Organophilic clays have also been blended with PLA. Ogata et al. [133] modified MMT with distearyldimethylam-monium chloride and that was solvent-cast blended with PLLA (Af = 2 x 10 ) using chloroform. Results showed that the tactoids (several stacked sificate monolayers) lay almost parallel to the film surface and were stacked with insertion of PLLA lamellae in the thickness direction of the film. Such preferred orientation of the tactoids is assumed to give excellent water barrier properties to the blends, as reported for nylon 6-clay hybrids (NCH) by Kojima et al. [134] In this nylon blend, the absence of clay delamination gave relatively poor tensile improvements compared to true nanocomposites. 

Kojima Y, Usuki A, Kawasumi M, Okada A, Kurauchi T, Kamigaito O, Kaji K (1994) Fine structure of nylon-6-clay hybrid. J Polym Sci B Polym Phys 32 625-630 Koo CM, Kim JH, Wang KH, Chung IJ (2005) Melt-extensional properties and orientation behaviors of polypropylene-layered silicate nanocomposites. J Polym Sci B Polym Phys 43 158-167... 

Okada A, Kawasuini M, Usuki A, Kojima Y, Kurauchi T and Kamigaito 0 (1990) Synthesis and properties of nylon-6/clay hybrids, in Polymer based molectUar composites (Eds. Schaefer D W and Mark J E) MRS Symposium Pi oceediugs, Pittsburgh, USA, vol. 171, pp. 45-50. 

Kurauchi T., Okada A., Nomura T., Nishio T., Saegusa S. and Deguchi R., Nylon 6-clay hybrid - synthesis, properties and application to automotive timing belt cover , SAE Technical Paper Series 910584, International Congress and Exposition, Detroit, 1991. 

Usuki A (1995), Interaction of nylon-6 clay surface and mechanical-properties of nylon-6 clay hybrid , J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 55 119-123. 

The structural characteristics and moisture sorption properties of two kinds of nylon-6/clay hybrids were investigated by Murase et The moisture sorption isotherms of the hybrid samples were a typical sigmoid shape similar to that of the pure nylon-6 sample, even if the extent of moisture regain of the hybrid films was comparatively low. All the isotherms obtained were explained through quantitative analysis in terms of the BET multilayer adsorption theory and complementally with the aid of the FloryHuggins solution theory. 

Alexandre M, Dubois P (2000), Pol3mier-layered silicate nanocomposites Preparation, properties and uses of a new class of materials . Mater Sci Eng, 28, 1. Usuki A, Kojima Y, Kawasumi M, Okada A, Fukushima Y, Kurauchi T, Kamigaito O (1993), Synthesis of nylon 6-clay hybrid , J Mater Res, 8, 1179. 

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