Nylon 6-clay hybrid synthesis

Kurauchi T., Okada A., Nomura T., Nishio T., Saegusa S. and Deguchi R., Nylon 6-clay hybrid - synthesis, properties and application to automotive timing belt cover , SAE Technical Paper Series 910584, International Congress and Exposition, Detroit, 1991. 

A nylon-clay hybrid (nanocomposite NCH) was originally developed by the authors and was the first polymer nanocomposite to be used practically. Since 1990, when it was first used, various studies and analyses of it have been reported. An excellent review was published in 2003 [1]. In the present review, which focuses on the authors studies, details on the NCH that we reported initially and further developments in polypropylene and polyethylene will be described. In Sect. 2, comprehensive classifications of the production methods developed previously will be described, according to the synthesis method employed. Thereafter, nylon will be discussed in Sect. 3, polyolefin in Sect. 4, and renewable polymer (green polymer) will be discussed in Sect. 5. 

Okada, A., Kawasumi, M., Usuki, A, Kojima, Y., Kurauchi, T. and Kamigaito, 0.1990. Synthesis and properties of nylon-6/clay hybrids. In Schaefer DW, Mark ]E. eds. Polymer based molecular composites. Pittsburgh. MRS Symposium Proceedings 171 45-50. 

A. Usuki, Y. Kojimaa, M. Kawasumia, A. Okadaa, Y. Fukushimaa, T. Kurauchia, 0. Kamigaitoa, Synthesis of nylon 6-clay hybrid, Journal of Materials Research, vol. 8, pp. 1179-1184,1993. 

Y. Kojima, A. Usuki, M. Kawasumi, A. Okada, T. Kurauchi, 0. Kamigaito, Synthesis of nylon 6-clay hybrid by montmorillonite intercalated with e-caprolactam, Journal of Polymer Science Part A Polymer Chemistry, vol. 31, pp. 983-986,1993. 

S. M. Vega-Dfaz, F.J. Medellfn-Rodrfguez, S. Sanchez-Valdes, B. E. Flandy,. M. Mata-Padilla,0. Davalos-Montoya, Synthesis and morphological characterization of sodium and calcium clay nanostructured poly(E-caprolactam) [nylon 6] hybrids, The Open Macromolecules Journal, vol. 2, pp. 19-25, 2008. 

A new composite material was introduced in 1987 with the discovery of a nylon-6/clay hybrid (NCH) [201]. The hybrid was prepared by the in situ thermal polymerization of s-caprolactam with 8% or less montmorillonite, the clay material containing 1-nm thick exfoliated aluminosilicate layers. It exhibited a truly nanometer-sized composite of nylon-6 and layered aluminosilicate. Figure 2.14 depicts conceptually the NCH synthesis and its fine structure. The NCH exhibited high modulus, high strength, and good gas-barrier properties. The unique and superior properties led to the commercialization of NCH. It has also created a new class of nanocomposites and worldwide interest. 

Kojima Y., Usuki A., Kawasumi M., Okada A., Kurauchi T., Kamigaito 0.,(1993). "Synthesis of nylon 6-clay hybrid by montmorillonite intercalated with 3- caprolactam". Journal of Polymer Science. Part A, Vol.31, p. 983. 

Usuki, A., Kojima, Y., Kawasumi, M. et al. 1993. Synthesis of nylon-6 clay hybrid. 

A. Usuki, Synthesis of Nylon-6 clay hybrid. Journal of Materials Research, 8 (1993), 1179-84. 

Okada, A. Kawasumi, M. Kuraurchi, T. Kamigaito, O. Synthesis and characterization of a nylon 6-clay hybrid. Polym. Prepr. 1987, 28, 447-452. 

Okada A, Kawasuini M, Usuki A, Kojima Y, Kurauchi T and Kamigaito 0 (1990) Synthesis and properties of nylon-6/clay hybrids, in Polymer based molectUar composites (Eds. Schaefer D W and Mark J E) MRS Symposium Pi oceediugs, Pittsburgh, USA, vol. 171, pp. 45-50. 

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