Nutrition, applications

K. Mbnzel, ia. C. Bauemfeiud, ed.. Carotenoids as Colorants and Vitamin A Precursors, Technological and Nutritional Applications, Academic Press, Inc., New York, 1981, pp. 781-813. 

Whey powders, demineralized whey powders, whey protein concentrates, whey protein isolates, individual whey proteins, whey protein hydrolysates, neutraceuticals Lactose and lactose derivatives Fresh cheeses and cheese-based products Functional applications, e.g. coffee creamers, meat extenders nutritional applications Whey powders, demineralized whey powders, whey protein concentrates, whey protein isolates, individual whey proteins, whey protein hydrolysates, neutraceuticals Various fermented milk products, e.g. yoghurt, buttermilk, acidophilus milk, bioyoghurt... 

In concluding this review of potential nutritional applications of pectin, one might ask Can levels of pectin comparable to those used in these studies be obtained by a reasonable consumption of fruit or fruit products The answer... 

A structured, lipid-containing dairy fat is covered by a U.S. patent (95). The invention relates to a frawi-esterification product of a mixture of fatty acids and triglycerides, including milkfat, in the form of cream or butter as the main component. The product has nutritional applications and may also be used as an enteral or parenteral supplement. 

After the success (at least temporarily) of Oil of Javanicus, the next fatty acid to be developed on a commercial basis was ARA. The early development occurred in the Far East, with two Japanese companies. Lion Corp. and Suntory. Both companies developed processes for producing arachidonic acid using fungal sources. It is interesting to note that the interest of Lion Corp. in an arachidonic acid-rich oil was not for nutritional applications but as the basis of cosmetic creams, another area that can withstand commodities with a premium price. This development resulted in patents being awarded to these two companies in the late 1980s covering the production of arachidonic acid from Mortierella alpina (35, 36). 

Poultry. Lecithin has nutritional application in poultry feeds. The caloric value of lecithin (8900 kcal/kg) for broilers was reported to be greater than tallow (5000-7000 kcal/kg) or soybean oil (8800 kcal/kg) (332). This research was complementary to earlier observations that fat utilization and metabolizable energy value were improved when lecithin was also included in chick diets (333, 334). Phospholipids can increase pigment absorption contributing to egg yolk pigmentation (335). Nutrition also plays a key role in the value of meat. Brazilian research found that lecithin in the diets of broilers improved the sensory scores for breast meat (336). 

In animal nutrition applications calcium phosphates are also used as mixtures with the phosphates of other metals, particularly sodium and magnesium. Calcium phosphates are also utilized as baking powder (monocalcium phosphate) and in toothpastes (dicalcium phosphate dihydrate). Dicalcium diphosphate, which does not react with fluorides, is utilized in fluoride-containing toothpastes. 

There are two main reasons why substances classified as fillers are used in agriculture feed supplementation and application of pesticides in granular form. The nutritional applications usually involve calcium carbonate, iron salts, and zinc oxide as feed supplements with the required levels of these three metal salts. 

Stereoselective chemical synthesis of DFAs is instrumental in obtaining pure standards for the validation of analytical methods for the identification and quantification of DFAs in mixtures, particularly in food products. Yet it is inadequate for mass production of DFAs or nutritional applications. Biotechnological approaches using inulin or levan fructosyltransferases, while limited to certain diastereomers, show much promise in these respects. Most of the reports on enzymatic synthesis of DFAs are related to the monospiranic difuranose DFA 111 (1) and the non-spiranic DFA rV (15), while reports on the dispiranic DFA I (10) are much less frequent. Their synthesis has become an issue of industrial interest [56]. 

Dietary/nutrition applications cater for bed tray management and recording of special diets. Inventory management, purchasing, and recipe management as part of the functionality may typically be included. 

Whey meat extenders nutritional applications Whey powders, demineralized whey powders,... 

Of the non-destructive detectors, UV-Visible, fluorescence, light scattering and refractive index are frequently used for various biochemical, chemical, clinical, pharmaceutical, and nutritional applications, as well as in the analysis of supplements and functional ingredients. Of these detectors, candidates of universal grade but still... 

It is not within the scope of this article to present a treatise on the inception and evolution of the science (or art) of cell (or tissue) culture. Any pretext of a historical review would undoubtedly preclude what some consider important contributors. The purpose of this article is to review a portion of the experimental advances and allow the reader to establish a relative time frame and assessment to the development of culture techniques as they exist today. It also summarizes the nutritional applications of various cell culture components and provides a glossary to attempt standardization of m vitro culture terminology. 

Microbial oils may have great potential for biodiesel production due to FA composition. Microorganisms also produce edible oils rich in PUFA for dietary supplements and infant nutrition applications (Ratledge 2004 Cahoon and Schmid 2008). It is possible to observe that the FA profile produced by microorganisms is quite similar to vegetable oils (Table 5) and can thus be used as a substitute for biofuels. 

---