Nuclear prominence

A first type of effect is that of nuclear prominence, which describes the particular prominence that often falls on the last content word in sentence. In the following examples, we have marked this word in bold ... 

In Chapter VI, Ohm and Deumens present their electron nuclear dynamics (END) time-dependent, nonadiabatic, theoretical, and computational approach to the study of molecular processes. This approach stresses the analysis of such processes in terms of dynamical, time-evolving states rather than stationary molecular states. Thus, rovibrational and scattering states are reduced to less prominent roles as is the case in most modem wavepacket treatments of molecular reaction dynamics. Unlike most theoretical methods, END also relegates electronic stationary states, potential energy surfaces, adiabatic and diabatic descriptions, and nonadiabatic coupling terms to the background in favor of a dynamic, time-evolving description of all electrons. 

On the other hand, there are some ionization techniques that are very useful, particularly at very high mass, but produce ions only in pulses. For these sources, the ion extraction field can be left on continuously. Two prominent examples are Californium radionuclide and laser desorption ionization. In the former, nuclear disintegration occurs within a very short time frame to give a... 

Probably about 50000 tonnes of HF are used worldwide annually to make inorganic compounds other than UF4/UF6 for the nuclear industry. Prominent amongst these products are ... 

A series of studies of cyclopentadienylmanganese tricarbonyl and related compounds has provided interesting results. As with the chromium compound mentioned above, it was found that carbonyl-rich compounds are formed in yields comparable to the retention. In these compounds, however, the yield of bi-nuclear Mn2(CO)io is not high, but mononuclear—Mn(CO)s compounds are prominent. The results are sumarized in Table 12. 

The several polymeric metal carbonyls studied have led to some surprisingly high yields [e.g., Fe3(CO),2 and Ruj(CO)j2 in Table IV] but to no substantiated mechanisms. The 17% yield of Fe3(CO),2 in neutron-irradiated Fe(CO)j was interpreted as a reaction of Fe(CO)4 with the Fe(CO)5, but no further evidence is available. The study of Mn2(CO),o has been fruitful (44, 46). The insensitivity of the parent yield MnMn(CO),o to heat indicates that the molecule is formed by a reaction quite early in the sequence, perhaps epithermal. The discovery (46) of a species which reacts rapidly with I2 and exchanges with IMn(CO)5 led to the conclusion that the Mn(CO)5 radical is produced prominently (4.5%) by nuclear reactions in the solid decacarbonyl. The availability of this labeled Mn(CO)5 has made possible several interesting observations about the exchange properties of this radical in the solid (45) and in solution (42). 

The system under study is assumed to consist of 2A, electrons, possibly in the presence of a nuclear framework. An orbital picture of the quantum behaviour of the system is then introduced on accepting the validity of an independent-particle model where each electron moves in the field of an effective potential v(r), which afterwards is left substantially unspecified. We emphasize, however, that the choice of v(F) is an essential step of any modeling. Besides semiempirical forms, effective potentials v[ (r)] functionally dependent on the electron numeral density n(r) are intuitively bound to play a prominent role in applications. 

Prominent NAMs are NAA, PAA, RBS and PIXE. Actually, PIXE is not a true nuclear analytical method, because it is based on the interaction of fast ions with the electron clouds of the atoms. A suitable combination of NAMs allows all elements of the periodic table to be studied. PAA is especially suitable for the determination of light elements, whereas NAA, RBS and PIXE detect medium and heavy elements very well. 

A cmcial feature of the search for P,T-odd effects in atoms and molecules is that in order to interpret the measured data in terms of fundamental constants of these interaction, one must calculate specific properties of the systems to establish a connection between the measured data and studied fundamental constants. These properties are described by operators that are prominent in the nuclear region they cannot be measured, and their theoretical study is a non-trivial task. 

It is evident that the operator Hd couples only the small components of the relativistic molecular wavefunctions. Since the small components as well as the nuclear electric fields are prominent in and around the nuclear regions, the dominant contribution to the matrix elements of Hj comes from that region. It should be noted that the absence of the screening term Eq in Eq.(42) will overestimate the //d matrix element. However, the amount of overestimation is expected to be small. 

Figure 12.7 Colon fixed in buffered zinc formalin (Z-Fix, Anatech Ltd., Battle Creek, MI) for only 6h. Cellular detail is very prominent, nuclear chromatin is unusually well displayed and cytoplasmic staining is intensified. 

Ernest Rutherford, Frederick Soddy, and then Sir William Ramsay documented natural transformations of one element into another in 1902 and 1903. The artificial transmutation of one element into another, however, was first accomplished in 1919 by Rutherford, a physicist. Indeed, the field of nuclear physics has contributed the most to our understanding of the subatomic world since the 1920s. But the scientists who most advocated transmutation as a goal of research and a heuristic principle for understanding the nature of matter—the Nobel Prize winners Ramsay and Soddy, and, in a less prominent way, Sir William Crookes—were chemists, not physicists.1... 

The adult brain is endowed with nuclear as well as cytosolic and membrane T3 receptors that have been visualized by autoradiography and studied biochemically [30-33]. Both neurons and neuropil are labeled by [ 1251]T3, and the labeling is selective across brain regions. Functionally, one of the most prominent features of neural action of thyroid hormone in adulthood is subsensitivity to norepinephrine as a result of a hypothyroid state [27], These changes may be reflections of loss of dendritic spines in at least some neurons of the adultbrain. Clinically, thyroid hormone deficiency increases the probability of depressive illness, whereas thyroid excess increases the probability of mania (Ch. 52) in susceptible individuals [27],... 

Globally, those experiments with knockout mice suggest that the implication of more than one member of the nuclear receptor family may have prominent effects in organogenesis, even if their expression is for a brief period during embryonic life. The mice with double or triple knock-outs, lacking two or three receptors, will surely contribute to finally clarifying the roles of each hormone and each receptor. 

The nucleus (37-44) is the most prominent structure within the cytoplasm. It is bounded by a nuclear envelope containing circular pores that are 30-100 nm in diameter. The outer nuclear envelope may be continuous with the er. 

An example of this class of peptide is the 86-amino acid truKi-activating transcriptional activator (TAT) of HIV-1 (74,75). Following incubation with cultured cells, TAT protein is internalized and subsequently transactivates viral promoters (75). The protein has multiple facets invasion, nuclear trophism, and DNA binding (76-81). An invasion domain of TAT has been identified within amino acids 37 to 72 with the critical basic region from amino acids (49 to 57), also known as the minimal transduction domain, which consists of the sequence -Arg-Lys-Lys-Arg-Arg-Gln-Arg-Arg-Arg-. Any deletion in the sequence caused a reduction in translocating activity (82-84). Other prominent CPPs are reviewed in References 73 and 85. 

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