Nuclear material transportation

Department of Energy - has sponsored analyses of its reactors and process facilities, the risks of the breeder reactor, the risk of nuclear material transportation and disposal, and the risks of several fuel cycles. 

Quality Assurance System during Nuclear Material Transportation is in force at PA Mayak and... 

The NSD is specifically involved with the assessment of accident risk for the Minatom nuclear power installations and nuclear material transportation. Similar work has been performed for several installations for instance, the dissolution installation at the RT-1 plant and the installation for plutonium dioxide production at the MCIW radiochemical plant. 

According to the Russian document, Main regulations of safety and physical protection of nuclear materials transport, [2] IAEA Regulations for safe transport of radioactive material, [3] and other normative documents, the safety of transport should be ensured by the design of transport packages. 

Gregory, W. S. and B. D. Nichols, 1991, EXPAC User s Manual A Computer Code for Analyzing Explosion-Induced Flow and Material Transport in Nuclear Facilities, LA-1 1823-M, LANE, July. 

William R. Rhyne received a B.S. in nuclear engineering from the University of Tennessee and M.S. and D.Sc. degrees in nuclear engineering from the University of Virginia. Dr. Rhyne is currently an independent consultant and earlier cofounded H R Technical Associates, Inc., where he remains a member of the board of directors. He has extensive experience in risk and safety analyses associated with nuclear and chemical processes and with the transport of hazardous nuclear materials and chemicals. From 1984 to 1987, he was the project manager and principal investigator for a probabilistic accident analysis of transporting obsolete chemical munitions. Dr. Rhyne has authored or coauthored numerous publications and reports in nuclear and chemical safety and risk analysis areas and is author of the book Hazardous Materials Transportation Risk Analysis Quantitative Approaches for Truck and Train. He is a former member of the NRC Transportation Research Board Hazardous Materials Committee, the Society for Risk Assessment, the American Nuclear... 

Shipments of spent nuclear fuel constitute the largest quantity of nuclear materials being transported. These shipments involve 50-ton truck casks with the capacity for one to several fuel assemblies. Rail and ship casks weighing about 100 tons carry many assemblies. The design of these casks provides ... 

The actual physical protection system of PA Mayak related to transportation of nuclear materials provides for ... 

The 30-year experience of accident-free rail shipment of SNF has brought out clearly that the used so far multi-purpose approach to solution of the challenges of safe shipment of nuclear materials is efficient and is capable of ensuring reliable and safe transportation of SNF under normal and emergency conditions. 

R.E. Buxbaum, R. Subramanian, J.H. Park, and D L. Smith, Hydrogen Transport and Embrittlement for Palladium Coated Vanadium-Chromium-Titanium Alloys, Journal of Nuclear Material, Part A, 233-237, 1996, pp.510-512. 

Forcey, K.S. et al.. Hydrogen transport and solubility in 316L and 1.4914 steels for fusion reactor applications, Journal of Nuclear Materials, 160, 117-124 (1988). 

He was elected to the National Academy of Public Administration in 1985, and he was a fellow at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Smithsonian Institution, and a research fellow at the Wissenschaftszentrum (Sciences Center) Berlin and the Max Planck Institute for Social Research, Cologne. He has been a member of the Board on Radioactive Waste Management and panels of the Committee on Human Factors and the Transportation Research Board of the National Academy of Sciences. He served on the Secretary of Energy Advisory Board, Department of Energy, and chaired its Task Eorce on Radioactive Waste Management, examining questions of institutional trustworthiness. He was a member of the National Research Council s panel on Human Eactors in Air Traffic Control Automation and the Technical Review Committee for the Nuclear Materials Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory. 

The RHP excludes the very short term (to about 3 months after shutdown) and the longterm activities concerned with transport to the repository, disposal and the evolution of wasteforms on geological timescales. The emphasis has therefore been to develop a measure that will reflect the amounts of nuclear materials in storage and the impact of decommissioning/cleanup activities in the medium term (10 to 30 years) during which time wastes will be converted into forms suitable for interim storage. 

The Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material came into force in 1987. This Convention prescribes the levels at which nuclear material used for peaceful purposes is to be protected while in international nuclear transport, and requires each party to the Convention not to permit the export or import of such material unless it is satisfied that the nuclear material will be protected at those levels. 

Alcock, C. B., Cornish, J. B., Grieveson, P., Knudsen effusion studies of compounds of uranium and thorium with elements of Groups Illb and IVb, Thermodynamics, Proceedings of the Symposium on Thermodynamics with Emphasis on Nuclear Materials and Atomic Transport in Solids, vol. 1, pp.211-230, (1966). Cited on pages 376, 380, 493. 

John C. Allen is vice president of transportation at Battelle Memorial Institute. Prior to joining Battelle in 1983, he served as transportation economist and policy analyst with the U.S. Department of Transportation s Office of Hazardous Materiel Transportation. Mr. Allen has managed and participated in numerous studies involving the policy, regulatory, institutional, and safety aspects of transporting hazardous and nuclear materials. He has served on various National Research Council (NRC) advisory panels and has been chairman of the Transportation Research Board s Committee on Hazardous Materials Transportation for more than... 

Opponents of irradiation fear the risks involved in the transport and use of nuclear materials to build the facilities and to maintain them. A potential health risk in the food itself is the possibility that the radiation required to kill organisms may alter a biological molecule to produce a harmful by-product, but no evidence has been found of such a toxin. Another concern is that irradiation will lead to a permissive attitude about safe food-handling procedures that can lead to other types of contamination. Food irradiation is still under study in the United States to conclusively prove its safety, particularly for meats... 

Gebelt, R.E., and H.A. Eick, 1966a, in Thermodynamics, Proc, Symp, Thermodynamics with Emphasis on Nuclear Materials and Atomic Transport in Solids, Vol. 1, Vienna, 22-27 July, 1965 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna) p. 291. 

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