Nuclear factor of activated T cell

Nuclear factor of activated T cells cytosolic NFATc... 

Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells Cytosolic NFATc... 

The Rel homology domain (RHD) is an evolutionarily conserved domain found in some eukaryotic transcription factors, including NF-kB, the nuclear factors of activated T-cells (NFATs) and the drosophila proteins Dif and Relish. Some of these transcription factors form... 

The signaling complex formed around the TCR and the branching pathways that emanate from it resemble the mechanisms used by the growth factors. However, the destinations of these pathways are not all clear. The PLC-y pathway (DAG, IP3, and elevation of intracellular free Ca2+) leads to activation of the phosphatase calcineurin, which activates the transcription factor NF-AT (nuclear factor of activated T cells). This is essential for clonal expansion of T cells because of its pivotal role in the induction of IL-2 expression. NF-AT requires the assistance of the activator protein 1 (AP-1) complex in order to drive expression of IL-2. 

Ca2+ [66], making calcium monitoring a vital tool for cellular biologists. For example, calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase, calcineurin can be monitored using a probe based on the regulatory domain of the nuclear factor of activated T cells [69], This approach can be taken further to monitor multiple calcium-dependent events in real time [70],... 

TF transcription factor, R receptor, Fur ferric uptake regulation protein, NF-kB nuclear factor-kB, AP-1 activator protein-1, Egr-1 early growth response-1, VDR la,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 receptor, RXR retinoid X receptor, PPARy peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y NFAT nuclear factor of activated T-cells, HSF heat shock factor, p53 tumor suppressor p53, HIF-1 hypoxia inducible factor-1. ... 

Karwot R, Maxeiner JH, Schmitt S, et al Protective role of nuclear factor of activated T cells 2 in CDS 4- long-lived memory T cells in an allergy 33... 

After activation of the TCR, there is induction of Src family tyrosine kinase (p56lek), which phosphorylates phospholipase Oyl. This is followed by the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, resulting in the production of diacyl-glycerol (DAG) and inositol trisphosphate (IP3). Protein kinase C is activated by DAG, which phosphorylates Ras. Ras is a GTPase and its phosphorylation induces Raf and initiation of MAP kinase signaling pathway. IP3 is involved in calcium-dependent activation of IL-2 gene expression via nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). 

Buch, M.H., Pickard, A., Rodriguez, A., Gillies, S., Maass, A.H., Emerson, M., Cartwright, E.J., Williams, J.C., Oceandy, D., Redondo, J.M., Neyses, L., Armesilla, A.L., 2005, The sarcolemmal calcium pump inhibits the calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T-cell pathway via interaction with the calcineurin A catalytic subunit. J Biol Chem 280, 29479-29487. 

Sustained cytosolic Ca2+ overload usually results in a different route leading to cell death. It mainly relies on the activation of the calcium/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent phosphatase, calcineurin. Calcineurin-catalyzed dephosphorylation promotes apoptosis by regulating the activity of a number of downstream targets, including the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member, Bad (Wang, et al., 1999), and transcription factors of the NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) family (Rao, et al., 1997). There are also other Ca2+-dependent enzymes contributing to the apoptotic events, and they include several DNA-degrading endonucleases (Robertson, et al., 2000) and Ca2+-activated cystein proteases of the calpain family essential for the enzymatic activation of the crucial pro-apoptotic effectors (Altznauer, et al., 2004). 

The expression of genes involved in cell proliferation and cell death is regulated by nuclear transcriptional factors. NFAT (Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells) proteins are a family of Ca2+-dependent transcription factors (Crabtree, 2001), whose nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity is regulated by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase, calcineurin (Crabtree, 2001). Thus, NFAT proteins can potentially be activated by diverse stimuli that lead to increased intracellular calcium levels. The NF-kB (nuclear factor kappa B) family... 

O Rourke, F. A., LaPlante, J. M. and Feinstein, M. B., 2003, Antisense-mediated loss of calcium homoeostasis endoplasmic reticulum protein (CHERP ERPROT213-21) impairs Ca2+ mobilization, nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) activation and cell proliferation in Jurkat T-lymphocytes. Biochem J 373, 133-43. 

It is possible to measure the formation of various radicals such as reactive oxygen species in cells. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) activate the nuclear factor of activated T cell transcription factor (NFAT), which is associated with its dephosphorylation, nuclear translocation, and increased affinity for DNA binding. Vanadium activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) was found to correlate with formation of the ROS H202 and was dependent upon the activity of calcium channels [39], In activated human neutrophiles, vanadium(II), (III), and (IV) increased hydroxyl radical formation and attenuation of myeloperoxidase activity, whereas V(V) did not show these effects. Similar results were seen in a cell-free system [40], Increased lipid peroxidation in liver but not in kidneys was found in normal rats treated with vanadate [41]. 

NFAT nuclear factor of activated T cells NF-kB nuclear factor kB NIK NF-jB-inducing kinase NSAIDS non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ob leptin gene in mice... 

Huang, C., M. Ding, J. Li, S.S. Leonard, Y. Rojanasakul, V. Castranova, V. Vallyathan, G. Ju, and X. Shi. 2001. Vanadium-induced nuclear factor of activated T cells activation through hydrogen peroxide. J. Biol. Chem. 25 22397-22403. 

The molecular basis of CsA s biological activity is the formation of a complex with the immunophilin cyclophilin A (CyPA) in such a way that the CsA-CyPA complex can associate with calcineurin (CN), which is a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent Ser/Thr phosphatase. As a result, dephosphorylation of a nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) is inhibited. 

Ciclosporin is of fungal origin it is a cyclic peptide composed of 11, in part atypical, amino acids. Therefore, orally administered ciclosporin is not degraded by gastrointestinal proteases. InT-helper cells, it inhibits the production of interleukin-2 by interfering at the level of transcriptional regulation. Normally, nuclear factor of activated T cells, (NFAT) promotes the expression of interleu-kin-2. This requires dephosphorylation of the precursor, phosphorylated NFAT, by the phosphatase calcineurin, enabling NFAT to enter the cell nucleus from the cytosol. Ciclosporin binds to the protein cyclophilin in the cell interior the complex inhibits calcineurin, hence the production of interleukin-2. 

NeuNac, A-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic),. /V-acetylneurarriirioside (sialoside), jV-acetylneuraminosyl acid (sialosyl) NEUT, neurotensin NEUT-R, neurotensin receptor NFkB, nuclear factor kB NEAT, nuclear factor of activated T cells NGF, nerve growth factor NGF-RTK, nerve growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase... 

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